Plataformização do trabalho: transformações e disputas no trabalho de entregadores no Brasil
Data
2024-06-21
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender quais eram as condições de trabalho e acompanhar o processo de conflitos na disputa pela regulamentação do trabalho por plataforma no Brasil, dando ênfase à situação dos entregadores por aplicativos dentro desse processo, a partir da percepção dos mesmos em grupos e perfis abertos nas redes sociais digitais e dados secundários. O percurso percorrido passa, no primeiro bloco, por uma revisão acerca das transformações da sociedade salarial, sua derrocada, inclusive enquanto horizonte a ser perseguido; passamos também pela questão da reestruturação produtiva, a imposição do trabalho flexível e por demanda. No segundo capítulo, tentamos compreender conceitualmente as metamorfoses atuais no mundo do trabalho tomando como base a plataformização e a uberização do trabalho. Trabalhou-se a partir de revisão de literatura, adentrando
na questão da mediação tecnológica e regulação do trabalho, da crítica à chamada “economia do compartilhamento” e também levando-se em consideração a ideologia californiana dos capitalistas “revolucionários” ou de vigilância. Na nossa terceira etapa, fizemos reflexões a partir dos discursos de três entregadores, que estão disponíveis em materiais empíricos já existentes, coletados em livro, reuniões, vídeos no Youtube; nos utilizamos de outras pesquisas para traçar um panorama das condições de trabalho, inclusive de saúde, dos entregadores, apontadas como cada vez mais degradadas e logo depois mostramos a passagem de um contrato social coletivo para os termos e condições de uso, das plataformas, nos baseando no conceito de “incontrato” de Zuboff. No quarto e último bloco, expomos um quadro de conflitos que rondam a questão da regulamentação do trabalho por plataformas
no Brasil, e fizemos uma análise de conteúdo de vídeos do Youtube sobre a questão, analisando e categorizando os seus conteúdos, que em geral são contrários ao projeto de lei sobre a regulamentação enviado ao Congresso Nacional pelo atual Governo Federal. Concluímos que existe uma disputa acirrada e assimétrica acerca da proposta de regulamentação, que na sua base é também mais uma expressão do conflito capital-trabalho
This research aimed to understand what the working conditions of platform work in Brazil were and either to monitor the process of its conflicts in the dispute over the regulation, emphasizing the app delivery workers situation within this process, based on their perception in groups and open profiles on digital social networks and secondary data. The research path taken involves, in the first block, a review of the transformations of the wage society, its collapse, including as a horizon to be pursued; it also wents through the issue of productive restructuring, the imposition of flexible and on-demand work. In the second chapter, we try to understand the current metamorphoses in the world of work based on the platformization and uberization of the work. This part of the research was based on a literature review, delving into the issue of technological mediation and labor regulation, the issue of the of criticism the so-called “sharing economy” and also taking into account the Californian ideology of “revolutionary” or surveillance capitalists. In our third stage, we reflected on the speeches of three delivery workers that are available in existing empirical materials, collected in books, meetings, videos on YouTube; we use other research to draw an overview of the working conditions, including health, of delivery drivers, conditions identified as increasingly degraded. Soon after, we show the transition from a collective social contract to the terms and conditions of use of the platforms, based on Zuboff’s concept of “incontract”. In the fourth and final block, we expose a picture of conflicts surrounding the issue of platform work regulation in Brazil, and we perform a content analysis on the issue using some YouTube videos, analyzing and categorizing their content, which is generally contrary to the draft law on regulation sent to the National Congress by the current Federal Government. We concluded that there is a fierce and asymmetrical dispute over the regulatory proposal, which, at its base, is also another expression of the capital-labor conflic
This research aimed to understand what the working conditions of platform work in Brazil were and either to monitor the process of its conflicts in the dispute over the regulation, emphasizing the app delivery workers situation within this process, based on their perception in groups and open profiles on digital social networks and secondary data. The research path taken involves, in the first block, a review of the transformations of the wage society, its collapse, including as a horizon to be pursued; it also wents through the issue of productive restructuring, the imposition of flexible and on-demand work. In the second chapter, we try to understand the current metamorphoses in the world of work based on the platformization and uberization of the work. This part of the research was based on a literature review, delving into the issue of technological mediation and labor regulation, the issue of the of criticism the so-called “sharing economy” and also taking into account the Californian ideology of “revolutionary” or surveillance capitalists. In our third stage, we reflected on the speeches of three delivery workers that are available in existing empirical materials, collected in books, meetings, videos on YouTube; we use other research to draw an overview of the working conditions, including health, of delivery drivers, conditions identified as increasingly degraded. Soon after, we show the transition from a collective social contract to the terms and conditions of use of the platforms, based on Zuboff’s concept of “incontract”. In the fourth and final block, we expose a picture of conflicts surrounding the issue of platform work regulation in Brazil, and we perform a content analysis on the issue using some YouTube videos, analyzing and categorizing their content, which is generally contrary to the draft law on regulation sent to the National Congress by the current Federal Government. We concluded that there is a fierce and asymmetrical dispute over the regulatory proposal, which, at its base, is also another expression of the capital-labor conflic