Panorama brasileiro de coinfecções por bactérias e fungos em pacientes com COVID-19.
Data
2022-07-19
Autores
Bellegarde, Pamella Françozo 
Orientadores
Minarini, Luciene Andrade da Rocha
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Em dezembro de 2019, surgiram diversos relatos de casos de pneumonia na cidade de Wuhan, na China, causada por um novo coronavírus que ainda não havia sido identificado em humanos. Chamado de SARS-CoV-2 e causador da “Coronavirus Disease 2019”, a COVID-19, em 2020 esse vírus se espalhou mundialmente, tornando-se uma pandemia e gerando uma crise sanitária global. O primeiro caso foi confirmado no Brasil no final de fevereiro de 2020 e, desde então, já se somaram mais de 600 mil vítimas da doença até o final de junho de 2022 no país. A COVID-19 tem um amplo espectro sintomático, podendo ser assintomática, apresentar sintomas leves ou sintomas graves, como síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Com a sintomatologia grave afetando principalmente pessoas idosas e/ou com comorbidades, rapidamente as vítimas da doença ocuparam leitos de enfermaria e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Principalmente nos casos graves, há necessidade de longos períodos de internação ou de procedimentos invasivos, como ventilação mecânica, uso de cateteres, dentre outros, que são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de outras infecções. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema COVID-19 e coinfecções por bactérias e fungos no Brasil. A metodologia foi baseada em um levantamento bibliográfico no portal PubMed em que foram selecionados dez artigos publicados entre fevereiro de 2020 a abril de 2022 na língua inglesa ou portuguesa e que se encaixavam no tema proposto pelo trabalho. A maioria dos patógenos encontrados foram de origem bacteriana e Gram-negativos, como Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os trabalhos analisados relataram maior mortalidade entre os pacientes com coinfecções se comparados a indivíduos somente infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2, com valores entre 66,7% a 100%, e todos os estudos que apresentaram dados sobre multirresistência a antimicrobianos relataram valores altos desse fenótipo em espécies analisadas ou aumento comparado com o período pré-pandemia.
In December 2019, there were several reports of pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan, China, caused by a new coronavirus that had not yet been identified in humans. Called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the “Coronavirus Disease 2019”, COVID-19, in 2020 this virus spread worldwide, becoming a pandemic and generating a global health crisis. The first case was confirmed in Brazil at the end of February 2020 and, since then, there have been more than 600,000 victims of the disease by the end of June 2022 in the country. COVID-19 has a broad symptom spectrum, which can be asymptomatic, have mild symptoms, or severe symptoms such as severe acute respiratory syndrome. With severe symptoms affecting mainly elderly people and/or people with comorbidities, the victims of the disease quickly occupied ward beds and the Intensive Care Unit. Especially in severe cases, there is a need for long periods of hospitalization or invasive procedures, such as mechanical ventilation, use of catheters, among others, which are risk factors for the development of other infections. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the topic COVID-19 and bacterial and fungal coinfections in Brazil. The methodology was based on a bibliographic survey on the PubMed portal, in which ten articles published between February 2020 and April 2022 in English or Portuguese were selected and the ones that fit the theme were approached in this work. Most of the pathogens found were of bacterial origin and were Gram-negative, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The analyzed studies reported higher mortality among patients with co-infections compared to individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 alone, with values between 66.7% and 100%, and all studies that presented data on multi-resistance to antimicrobials reported high values of this phenotype in analyzed species or increase compared to the pre-pandemic period.
In December 2019, there were several reports of pneumonia cases in the city of Wuhan, China, caused by a new coronavirus that had not yet been identified in humans. Called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the “Coronavirus Disease 2019”, COVID-19, in 2020 this virus spread worldwide, becoming a pandemic and generating a global health crisis. The first case was confirmed in Brazil at the end of February 2020 and, since then, there have been more than 600,000 victims of the disease by the end of June 2022 in the country. COVID-19 has a broad symptom spectrum, which can be asymptomatic, have mild symptoms, or severe symptoms such as severe acute respiratory syndrome. With severe symptoms affecting mainly elderly people and/or people with comorbidities, the victims of the disease quickly occupied ward beds and the Intensive Care Unit. Especially in severe cases, there is a need for long periods of hospitalization or invasive procedures, such as mechanical ventilation, use of catheters, among others, which are risk factors for the development of other infections. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the topic COVID-19 and bacterial and fungal coinfections in Brazil. The methodology was based on a bibliographic survey on the PubMed portal, in which ten articles published between February 2020 and April 2022 in English or Portuguese were selected and the ones that fit the theme were approached in this work. Most of the pathogens found were of bacterial origin and were Gram-negative, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The analyzed studies reported higher mortality among patients with co-infections compared to individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 alone, with values between 66.7% and 100%, and all studies that presented data on multi-resistance to antimicrobials reported high values of this phenotype in analyzed species or increase compared to the pre-pandemic period.