Mapeamento através de FCQ para o enfrentamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil: um recorte para articulação de saberes na escola e prevenção à obesidade infantil
Data
2023-05-29
Autores
Contini, Luana Roland Ferreira 
Orientadores
Venturini, Anna Cecilia
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O padrão alimentar de uma população é determinado pelas escolhas alimentares diárias,
influenciadas por vários aspectos culturais, econômicos, sensoriais e sociais. Este estudo teve como
objetivo explorar atitudes e padrões alimentares dos professores da Educação Básica, responsáveis
por implementar o tema “Educação Alimentar e Nutricional” em sala de aula e investigar sua
associação com aspectos socioeconômicos e antropométricos, através da aplicação do Food Choice
Questionnaire (FCQ) com um intervalo de confiança de 95%. O FCQ é um instrumento
transculturalmente aplicável, composto por 36 itens distribuídos em nove fatores ou dimensões que
avaliam motivos relacionados às escolhas alimentares. Paralelamente foi realizada a avaliação do
grau de saudabilidade de alimentos ultraprocessados comumente consumidos no ambiente escolar,
através da avaliação do rótulo. A amostra aleatória utilizou 72 educadores de ambos os sexos que
lecionam majoritariamente no ensino fundamental (62,6%) em área urbana (98,6%). O FCQ
apresentou alto grau de consistência interna. “Aspectos sensoriais” foi o motivo mais importante
para a escolha alimentar dos educadores, seguido de “Bem estar”, “conteúdo natural” e “preço”.
Por outro lado, a “familiaridade” foi o fator menos importante para a escolha dos alimentos,
seguido de “preocupação ética” para as educadoras do gênero feminino e “aspectos nutricionais e
dieta” para os educadores do gênero masculino. A formação acadêmica e a experiência profissional
são os aspectos sociodemográficos que desempenham um papel importante na variação salarial dos
professores e esses achados têm implicações importantes para as intervenções de promoção da
saúde dos professores e de seus alunos. A maioria dos educadores possuem sobrepeso ou obesidade
e quase metade possuem alguma condição de saúde associada a DCNT, sendo a pressão alta a
doença mais prevalente. A renda familiar (P3) foi maior na região sul e sudeste onde o grau de
escolaridade dos educadores (P4) foi significativamente maior (0,35, -0, 26, p<0,05). O grau de
escolaridade (P4) e o tempo de magistério (P7) também se correlacionaram positivamente com a
idade (P1) (0, 42, p<0,05). Os educadores brasileiros apresentaram uma correlação positiva de fraca
magnitude entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a idade (0,34; p<0,05), o IMC foi maior entre
os educadores das regiões do Sul e Sudeste, quando comparados com os demais (p<0,05). Esse
estudo apresentou limitação em relação a amostragem, portanto se faz necessário futuros estudos
para aumentar a representatividade dos resultados obtidos. No entanto, esses resultados contribuem
para orientar as ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional nos projetos pedagógicos para
prevenção de transtornos alimentares.
The dietary pattern of a population is determined by daily food choices, influenced by various cultural, economic, sensorial and social aspects. This study aimed to explore attitudes and eating patterns of Basic Education teachers, responsible for implementing the theme "Food and Nutrition Education" in the classroom and to investigate its association with socioeconomic and anthropometric aspects, through the application of the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ ) with a 95% confidence interval. The FCQ is a cross-culturally applicable instrument, consisting of 36 items divided into nine factors or dimensions that assess reasons related to food choices. At the same time, the assessment of the degree of healthiness of ultra-processed foods commonly consumed in the school environment was carried out, through the evaluation of the label. The random sample used 72 educators of both sexes who teach mostly in elementary school (62.6%) in urban areas (98.6%). The FCQ showed a high degree of internal consistency. “Sensory aspects” was the most important reason for the educators' food choice, followed by “Well-being”, “natural content” and “price”. On the other hand, “familiarity” was the least important factor for choosing food, followed by “ethical concerns” for female educators and “nutritional aspects and diet” for male educators. Academic education and professional experience are the sociodemographic aspects that play an important role in teacher salary variation, and these findings have important implications for health promotion interventions for teachers and their students. Most educators are overweight or obese and almost half have some health condition associated with CNCD, high blood pressure being the most prevalent disease. Family income (P3) was higher in the south and southeast regions, where the educational level of educators (P4) was significantly higher (0.35, -0, 26, p<0.05). Schooling level (P4) and teaching time (P7) were also positively correlated with age (P1) (0.42, p<0.05). Brazilian educators showed a positive correlation of weak magnitude between body mass index (BMI) and age (0.34; p<0.05), BMI was higher among educators from the South and Southeast regions, when compared with the others (p<0.05). This study had a limitation in relation to sampling, so future studies are needed to increase the representativeness of the results obtained. However, these results contribute to guide Food and Nutrition Education actions in pedagogical projects for the prevention of eating disorders.
The dietary pattern of a population is determined by daily food choices, influenced by various cultural, economic, sensorial and social aspects. This study aimed to explore attitudes and eating patterns of Basic Education teachers, responsible for implementing the theme "Food and Nutrition Education" in the classroom and to investigate its association with socioeconomic and anthropometric aspects, through the application of the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ ) with a 95% confidence interval. The FCQ is a cross-culturally applicable instrument, consisting of 36 items divided into nine factors or dimensions that assess reasons related to food choices. At the same time, the assessment of the degree of healthiness of ultra-processed foods commonly consumed in the school environment was carried out, through the evaluation of the label. The random sample used 72 educators of both sexes who teach mostly in elementary school (62.6%) in urban areas (98.6%). The FCQ showed a high degree of internal consistency. “Sensory aspects” was the most important reason for the educators' food choice, followed by “Well-being”, “natural content” and “price”. On the other hand, “familiarity” was the least important factor for choosing food, followed by “ethical concerns” for female educators and “nutritional aspects and diet” for male educators. Academic education and professional experience are the sociodemographic aspects that play an important role in teacher salary variation, and these findings have important implications for health promotion interventions for teachers and their students. Most educators are overweight or obese and almost half have some health condition associated with CNCD, high blood pressure being the most prevalent disease. Family income (P3) was higher in the south and southeast regions, where the educational level of educators (P4) was significantly higher (0.35, -0, 26, p<0.05). Schooling level (P4) and teaching time (P7) were also positively correlated with age (P1) (0.42, p<0.05). Brazilian educators showed a positive correlation of weak magnitude between body mass index (BMI) and age (0.34; p<0.05), BMI was higher among educators from the South and Southeast regions, when compared with the others (p<0.05). This study had a limitation in relation to sampling, so future studies are needed to increase the representativeness of the results obtained. However, these results contribute to guide Food and Nutrition Education actions in pedagogical projects for the prevention of eating disorders.