Fungos do gênero Penicillium como agentes de biotransformação em compostos orgânicos
Data
2021-07-06
Autores
Santana, Cristiane de Jesus 
Orientadores
Medeiros, Lívia Soman de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Biotransformações são conversões químicas catalisadas por microrganismos, como fungos e bactérias. As biotransformações exibem vantagens quando comparadas a métodos sintéticos clássicos, pois demandam condições reacionais amenas e aparelhagens menos sofisticadas. Em especial, os fungos do gênero Penicillium vem sendo citados como aptos a catalisar uma série de reações químicas e, por esse motivo, foi escolhido para esta revisão bibliográfica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar aspectos envolvidos na utilização de fungos do gênero Penicillium, como agentes de transformação química em compostos orgânicos, na tentativa de identificar e compreender se o gênero é um bom modelo microbiano a ser implementado em estudos voltados às bioconversões. Os artigos foram selecionados através das bases de dados do Web of Science e Scifinder, utilizando as palavras-chaves ‘’biotransformation’’ e ‘’Penicillium’’, o período escolhido foi de 2010 a 2020. Após os levantamentos bibliográficos e extensa curadoria de dados, observou-se que as reações químicas mais relatadas nos processos biocatalisados por fungos Penicillium, são as hidroxilações, hidrogenações e reduções de cetonas. Questões como aplicação de células intactas ou enzimas isoladas e a utilização de sistemas com células em crescimento e células “em repouso metabólico” foram analisadas, concluindo-se que a maior aplicação no gênero é voltada ao uso de células intactas e sistema com célula em crescimento. Através dos resultados compilados nesta revisão, constata-se uma alta potencialidade dos fungos do gênero Penicillium como ferramenta na obtenção da modificações estruturais em moléculas de interesse, conduzidas por um processo biológico, apresentando vantagens como: obtenção de boas taxas de conversão nas reações, conversões quimiosseletivas, regiosseletivas e estereosseletiva, além da verificação do aumento de atividades biológicas, a partir das modificações estruturais realizadas nos substratos de partida.
Biotransformations are chemical conversions catalyzed by microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria. Biotransformations have advantages when compared to classical synthetic methods, as they require milder reaction conditions and less sophisticated equipmen t. In particular, the fungi of the genus Penicillium have been cited as capable of catalyzing a series of chemical reactions and, for this reason, was chosen for this literature review. The objective of this work was to observe aspects involved in the use of compounds, to Penicillium fungi as agents of chemical transformation in organic identify and understand if the genus is a good microbial model to be implemented in studies about bioconversions. The articles were selected through the Web of Science and S cifinder databases, using the keywords ''biotransformation'' and ''Penicillium'', the period chosen was from 2010 to 2020. After the literature surveys and extensive data curation, it was observed that the most reported chemical reactions in biocatalyzed p rocesses by Penicillium fungi are hydroxylations, hydrogenations and reductions of ketones. Issues such as application of intact cells or isolated enzymes and the use of systems with growing cells and "metabolically resting" cells were analyzed, concluding that the largest application in the genus is focused on the use of intact cells and system with growing cell. Through the results compiled in this review, a high potential of the fungi of the genus Penicillium modifications as a tool to obtain structural in molecules of interest, conducted by a biological process is observed, presenting advantages such as: obtaining good conversion rates in the reactions, chemoselective, regioselective and stereo verification of the increa selective conversions, besides the se of biological activities, from the structural modifications performed in the starting substrates.
Biotransformations are chemical conversions catalyzed by microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria. Biotransformations have advantages when compared to classical synthetic methods, as they require milder reaction conditions and less sophisticated equipmen t. In particular, the fungi of the genus Penicillium have been cited as capable of catalyzing a series of chemical reactions and, for this reason, was chosen for this literature review. The objective of this work was to observe aspects involved in the use of compounds, to Penicillium fungi as agents of chemical transformation in organic identify and understand if the genus is a good microbial model to be implemented in studies about bioconversions. The articles were selected through the Web of Science and S cifinder databases, using the keywords ''biotransformation'' and ''Penicillium'', the period chosen was from 2010 to 2020. After the literature surveys and extensive data curation, it was observed that the most reported chemical reactions in biocatalyzed p rocesses by Penicillium fungi are hydroxylations, hydrogenations and reductions of ketones. Issues such as application of intact cells or isolated enzymes and the use of systems with growing cells and "metabolically resting" cells were analyzed, concluding that the largest application in the genus is focused on the use of intact cells and system with growing cell. Through the results compiled in this review, a high potential of the fungi of the genus Penicillium modifications as a tool to obtain structural in molecules of interest, conducted by a biological process is observed, presenting advantages such as: obtaining good conversion rates in the reactions, chemoselective, regioselective and stereo verification of the increa selective conversions, besides the se of biological activities, from the structural modifications performed in the starting substrates.