Jovens universitários nipo-brasileiros: a construção de identidades entre Japão e Brasil
Data
2024-06-27
Autores
Fukuda, Aline Beatriz Antunes 
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A imigração japonesa para o Brasil, a imigração brasileira para o Japão e o retorno dos nipo-brasileiros para o país de origem são fenômenos conhecidos e bastante estudados no campo da sociologia e da antropologia e, inclusive, da psicologia social, no entanto, as dimensões de reconstrução das identidades dos jovens nipo-brasileiros no Japão a partir da língua portuguesa ainda são um fenômeno a ser mais estudado. Especialmente quando temos a oficialização, através da Declaração de Yokohama, pela comunidade de imigrantes, do fim simbólico da chamada Era Dekassegui e o início da Era dos Brasileiros Residentes no Japão, considerando que atualmente mais de 60% dos brasileiros que vivem no Japão têm visto de permanência. O foco desta pesquisa são os jovens nipo-brasileiros que ingressam em universidades no Japão para estudar português. A presente pesquisa parte de minha experiência como professora de português nesses cursos, ao longo de dez anos, na Universidade de Kanda (Kanda University of International Studies, KUIS) e na Universidade Sofia (Sophia University), a partir da qual pude identificar alguns padrões de comportamento entre esses estudantes no que se refere à formação identitária, como por exemplo, a escolha por manter sua nacionalidade brasileira no anonimato. Devido ao fenótipo e pela proficiência do idioma japonês, pois a maioria desses jovens estudou em escolas japonesas, esses estudantes facilmente são vistos como japoneses natos. No entanto, é visível a busca pela construção de uma identidade brasileira ao longo dos quatro anos de formação universitária. Por essa razão, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar se o estudo do português influência na formação identitária de jovens nipo-brasileiros universitários. Para tanto foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre migrações brasileiras para o Japão, sobre o significado de ser nikkei no Japão e sobre o ensino de português nesse contexto. Como metodologia de geração de dados foram aplicados formulários e
entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas à distância, por meio digital, com alunos, ex-alunos, professores brasileiros e professores japoneses, sendo um deles, o coordenador do curso de Língua Portuguesa da Universidade de Kanda. A análise dos dados desta pesquisa levou a uma compreensão dos principais fatores que são relevantes nos processos de construção identitária de jovens e adultos nipo-brasileiros no Japão e a importância da formação universitária em língua portuguesa na desconstrução de estereótipos negativos em relação a essas identidades.
Japanese immigration to Brazil, Brazilian immigration to Japan and the return of Japanese -Brazilians to their country of origin are well-known and widely studied phenomena in the field of sociology, anthropology and social psychology. However, the dimensions of reconstructing the identities of young Japanese-Brazilians in Japan based on the Portuguese language is still a phenomenon to be further studied. These questions remain despite end of the so-called Dekassegui Era, as established through the Yokohama Declaration, made by the Nipo-Brazilian migrants, and the beginning of the Era of Brazilians residing in Japan, considering that currently more than 60% of Brazilians living in Japan have a permanent visa. The present study focuses on young Japanese-Brazilians who enter universities in Japan to study Portuguese. This research is based on my ten years of experience as a Portuguese teacher at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) and Sophia University. During the course of this work, I was able to empirically identify some patterns of behavior among these students in terms of identity formation, such as the choice to keep their Brazilian nationality anonymous. Due to their physical appearance and Japanese language proficiency, these students are easily seen as coming from strictly Japanese cultural backgrounds. However, they seek to build a Brazilian identity, which can be seen throughout the four years of university education. The general objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which studying Portuguese influences the identity formation of young Japanese-Brazilian university students. To contextualize the finding of this research a literature review was conducted on the history of Brazilian migrations to Japan, on existing cultural understanding of being nikkei in Japan and on the teaching of Portuguese in this context. Survey and semi-structured interviews were used as the primary means of data collection. Data collection was completed remotely via digital platform, with students, former students, Brazilian teachers and Japanese teachers, including the coordinator of the Portuguese Language course at Kanda University. Data analysis from this research revealed several factors relevant to the identity construction process of Japanese Brazilian young people and adults in Japan, as well as the importance of university education in Portuguese in deconstructing negative stereotypes regarding these identities.
Japanese immigration to Brazil, Brazilian immigration to Japan and the return of Japanese -Brazilians to their country of origin are well-known and widely studied phenomena in the field of sociology, anthropology and social psychology. However, the dimensions of reconstructing the identities of young Japanese-Brazilians in Japan based on the Portuguese language is still a phenomenon to be further studied. These questions remain despite end of the so-called Dekassegui Era, as established through the Yokohama Declaration, made by the Nipo-Brazilian migrants, and the beginning of the Era of Brazilians residing in Japan, considering that currently more than 60% of Brazilians living in Japan have a permanent visa. The present study focuses on young Japanese-Brazilians who enter universities in Japan to study Portuguese. This research is based on my ten years of experience as a Portuguese teacher at Kanda University of International Studies (KUIS) and Sophia University. During the course of this work, I was able to empirically identify some patterns of behavior among these students in terms of identity formation, such as the choice to keep their Brazilian nationality anonymous. Due to their physical appearance and Japanese language proficiency, these students are easily seen as coming from strictly Japanese cultural backgrounds. However, they seek to build a Brazilian identity, which can be seen throughout the four years of university education. The general objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which studying Portuguese influences the identity formation of young Japanese-Brazilian university students. To contextualize the finding of this research a literature review was conducted on the history of Brazilian migrations to Japan, on existing cultural understanding of being nikkei in Japan and on the teaching of Portuguese in this context. Survey and semi-structured interviews were used as the primary means of data collection. Data collection was completed remotely via digital platform, with students, former students, Brazilian teachers and Japanese teachers, including the coordinator of the Portuguese Language course at Kanda University. Data analysis from this research revealed several factors relevant to the identity construction process of Japanese Brazilian young people and adults in Japan, as well as the importance of university education in Portuguese in deconstructing negative stereotypes regarding these identities.