Controle do peso corporal: a influência do lactato na regulação do apetite e na homeostase energética
Data
2025-01-15
Autores
Neves, Patricia dos Santos 
Orientadores
Menegon, Renato Farina
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
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Título de Volume
Resumo
O crescimento global no número de casos de sobrepeso e obesidade elevou significativamente o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), consolidando a obesidade como um grave problema de saúde pública. Este estudo revisou estratégias para controle do peso corporal, com ênfase na prática de atividades físicas e na regulação bioquímica do apetite, destacando o papel do lactato e sua relação com o metabolismo energético. Utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, analisando publicações de 2018 a 2023, focando em termos como lactato, Lac-Phe e exercinas. A grelina, um hormônio orexigênico liberado por células gástricas, estimula a via AgRP/NPY (orexigênica) no núcleo arqueado (ARC) do hipotálamo, enquanto o piruvato estimula a via anorexigênica POMC, promovendo saciedade. A leptina, liberada por adipócitos, também interage com receptores no ARC por meio da via JAK2/STAT3, inibindo a fome ao estimular a via POMC e suprimir AgRP/NPY. Resultados indicam que o lactato, além de regular o apetite, potencializa a supressão via anorexigênica após exercícios físicos. A substância derivada Lac-Phe amplifica esses efeitos, posicionando-se como potencial agente terapêutico. Compreender essas interações bioquímicas pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias anti-obesidade que reproduzam, de forma eficaz e segura, os benefícios do exercício físico, oferecendo alternativas para indivíduos com limitações físicas ou metabólicas.
The global increase in the number of overweight and obesity cases has significantly increased the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), consolidating obesity as a serious public health problem. This study reviewed strategies for controlling body weight, with an emphasis on physical activity and biochemical regulation of appetite, highlighting the role of lactate and its relationship with energy metabolism. A bibliographic search was used, analyzing publications from 2018 to 2023, focusing on terms such as lactate, Lac-Phe and exercins. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released by gastric cells, stimulates the AgRP/NPY (orexigenic) pathway in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, while pyruvate stimulates the anorexigenic POMC pathway, promoting satiety. Leptin, released by adipocytes, also interacts with receptors in the ARC via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, inhibiting hunger by stimulating the POMC pathway and suppressing AgRP/NPY. The results indicate that lactate, in addition to regulating appetite, enhances the suppression via anorexigenic activity after physical exercise. The derivative substance Lac-Phe amplifies these effects, positioning itself as a potential therapeutic agent. Understanding these biochemical interactions may contribute to the development of new anti-obesity therapies that effectively and safely reproduce the benefits of physical exercise, offering alternatives for individuals with physical or metabolic limitations.
The global increase in the number of overweight and obesity cases has significantly increased the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), consolidating obesity as a serious public health problem. This study reviewed strategies for controlling body weight, with an emphasis on physical activity and biochemical regulation of appetite, highlighting the role of lactate and its relationship with energy metabolism. A bibliographic search was used, analyzing publications from 2018 to 2023, focusing on terms such as lactate, Lac-Phe and exercins. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone released by gastric cells, stimulates the AgRP/NPY (orexigenic) pathway in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus, while pyruvate stimulates the anorexigenic POMC pathway, promoting satiety. Leptin, released by adipocytes, also interacts with receptors in the ARC via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, inhibiting hunger by stimulating the POMC pathway and suppressing AgRP/NPY. The results indicate that lactate, in addition to regulating appetite, enhances the suppression via anorexigenic activity after physical exercise. The derivative substance Lac-Phe amplifies these effects, positioning itself as a potential therapeutic agent. Understanding these biochemical interactions may contribute to the development of new anti-obesity therapies that effectively and safely reproduce the benefits of physical exercise, offering alternatives for individuals with physical or metabolic limitations.
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3. Saúde e bem-estar