Avaliação do potencial leishmanicida de plantas utilizadas por moradores do Quilombo Cambury, Ubatuba - São Paulo, Brasil.
Data
2021-10-21
Autores
Brunelli, Erika dos Santos 
Orientadores
Rodrigues, Eliana
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A leishmaniose é uma doença tropical negligenciada e os medicamentos
disponíveis possuem uma série de efeitos colaterais locais e sistêmicos, por isso, a
etnofarmacologia representa uma importante estratégia para a obtenção de moléculas
alternativas com atividade leishmanicida. Objetivos: O presente trabalho buscou realizar um
estudo etnofarmacológico sobre plantas utilizadas pelos moradores do Quilombo do
Cambury, em Ubatuba, para tratar a leishmaniose, além de investigar seus potenciais
leishmanicidas, e caracterizar quimicamente os extratos bioativos. Materiais e Métodos: Para
isso, foram utilizados métodos etnofarmacológicos para coletar informações acerca de
plantas usadas para tratar sinais clínicos relacionados à leishmaniose na comunidade, como:
entrevistas não-estruturadas, observação participante e anotações em diário de campo. Além
disso, as 10 plantas indicadas foram coletadas, identificadas taxonomicamente e reduzidas a
extratos hexânicos e alcoólicos. Posteriormente, foi feita a avaliação de algumas dessas
plantas em estudos in vitro, utilizando formas promastigotas da espécie Leishmania (L.)
amazonensis, a fim de caracterizar o potencial biológico das mesmas. Resultados: Os dados
etnofarmacológicos foram coletados entre novembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, a partir da
indicação do ancião da comunidade, o qual nomeou cinco pessoas que tiveram a doença.
Esses entrevistados indicaram outras pessoas e assim sucessivamente, ao passo que 25
pessoas foram entrevistadas, dessas, 19 tiveram leishmaniose, sendo que seis usaram plantas
para auxiliar no combate à doença. Das 10 plantas indicadas, quatro delas já haviam sido
testadas contra leishmaniose em projeto anterior, orientado pelos professores Luiz Felipe
Passero e Eliana Rodrigues: Plantago australis Lam., Urera nitida (Vell.) P.Brack, Piper
mollicomum Kunth e Swartzia oblata R.S.Cowan. Dessas, apenas S. oblata (barbatimão)
apresentou atividade contra Leishmania (L.) amazonensis com concentração efetiva 50%
(CE50) de 91,40 g/mL comparado à 12,47 g/mL do controle, miltefosina. Além disso, o Índice
de Seletividade (IS) foi de 1,2, ou seja, o composto é pouco seletivo aos parasitos e pouco
eficiente para as condições testadas, como solvente e espécie do parasito. As demais plantas
não tiveram sua atividade avaliada até então, porém, para as espécies Bidens pilosa L.,
Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand e Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
existem trabalhos de avaliação leishmanicida publicados na literatura. Conclusões: De quatro
plantas testadas, apenas S. oblata foi ativa contra L. amazonensis, entretanto, com baixa
seletividade. Além dos resultados práticos, os dados levantados com a revisão bibliográfica
publicada fornecem novas possibilidades de futuros potenciais bioativos na área de doenças
negligenciadas, a partir de plantas indicadas por comunidades tradicionais, a fim de colaborar
com tratamentos menos prejudiciais e de maior eficácia aos pacientes com leishmaniose.
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease and the available drugs have a series of local and systemic side effects, therefore, ethnopharmacology represents an important strategy for obtaining molecules with leishmanicidal activity. Objectives: The present study aimed to register the ethnopharmacological knowledge of residents of Quilombo do Cambury, in Ubatuba, in relation to the plants used by them to treat leishmaniasis, in addition to investigating their leishmanicidal potential, and characterizing the bioactive extracts chemically. Materials and Methods: For this, ethnopharmacological methods were used to collect information about plants used to treat clinical signs related to leishmaniasis in the community, such as: unstructured interviews, participant observation and notes in a field diary. In addition, the 10 plants indicated were collected, taxonomically identified and reduced to hexane and alcoholic extracts. Subsequently, some of these plants were evaluated in in vitro studies, using promastigote forms of the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis species, in order to characterize their biological potential. Results: Ethnopharmacological data were collected between November 2019 and January 2020, based on the indication of the community elder, who named five people who had the disease. These respondents indicated other people and so on, while 25 people were interviewed, of these, 19 had leishmaniasis, and six used plants to help fight the disease. Of the 10 plants indicated, four of them had already been tested against leishmaniasis in a previous project: Plantago australis Lam., Urera nitida (Vell.) P.Brack, Piper mollicomum Kunth and Swartzia oblata R.S.Cowan. Of these, only S. oblata (barbatimão) showed activity against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis with an effective concentration 50% (EC50) of 91.40 μg/mL compared to 12.47 μg/mL for the control, miltefosine. In addition, the Selectivity Index (SI) was 1.2, that means the compound is poorly selective for parasites and inefficient for the conditions tested, such as solvent and parasite species. The other plants did not have their activity already evaluated but for the species Bidens pilosa L., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand e Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants there are papers about leishmanicidal assessment published in the literature. Conclusions: Of four plants tested, only S. oblata was active against L. amazonensis, however, with low selectivity. In addition to the practical results, the data collected from the published literature review provide new possibilities for future bioactive potentials in the area of neglected diseases, from plants indicated by traditional communities, in order to collaborate with less harmful and more effective treatments for patients with leishmaniasis.
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease and the available drugs have a series of local and systemic side effects, therefore, ethnopharmacology represents an important strategy for obtaining molecules with leishmanicidal activity. Objectives: The present study aimed to register the ethnopharmacological knowledge of residents of Quilombo do Cambury, in Ubatuba, in relation to the plants used by them to treat leishmaniasis, in addition to investigating their leishmanicidal potential, and characterizing the bioactive extracts chemically. Materials and Methods: For this, ethnopharmacological methods were used to collect information about plants used to treat clinical signs related to leishmaniasis in the community, such as: unstructured interviews, participant observation and notes in a field diary. In addition, the 10 plants indicated were collected, taxonomically identified and reduced to hexane and alcoholic extracts. Subsequently, some of these plants were evaluated in in vitro studies, using promastigote forms of the Leishmania (L.) amazonensis species, in order to characterize their biological potential. Results: Ethnopharmacological data were collected between November 2019 and January 2020, based on the indication of the community elder, who named five people who had the disease. These respondents indicated other people and so on, while 25 people were interviewed, of these, 19 had leishmaniasis, and six used plants to help fight the disease. Of the 10 plants indicated, four of them had already been tested against leishmaniasis in a previous project: Plantago australis Lam., Urera nitida (Vell.) P.Brack, Piper mollicomum Kunth and Swartzia oblata R.S.Cowan. Of these, only S. oblata (barbatimão) showed activity against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis with an effective concentration 50% (EC50) of 91.40 μg/mL compared to 12.47 μg/mL for the control, miltefosine. In addition, the Selectivity Index (SI) was 1.2, that means the compound is poorly selective for parasites and inefficient for the conditions tested, such as solvent and parasite species. The other plants did not have their activity already evaluated but for the species Bidens pilosa L., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand e Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants there are papers about leishmanicidal assessment published in the literature. Conclusions: Of four plants tested, only S. oblata was active against L. amazonensis, however, with low selectivity. In addition to the practical results, the data collected from the published literature review provide new possibilities for future bioactive potentials in the area of neglected diseases, from plants indicated by traditional communities, in order to collaborate with less harmful and more effective treatments for patients with leishmaniasis.
Descrição
Citação
Brunelli, E. S. Avaliação do potencial leishmanicida de plantas utilizadas por moradores do Quilombo Cambury, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil. 2021. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Química) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2021.