O Mundo do Trabalho na Graduação Médica: a visão dos recém-egressos
Arquivos
Data
2010-05-26
Autores
Macedo, Douglas Henrique de 
Orientadores
Batista, Nildo Alves
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O desenvolvimento tecnológico após a Revolução Industrial fez com que a prática médica fosse calcada num modelo tecnicista em detrimento ao modelo humanista. Em virtude disto, muito se tem discutido sobre a influência das Humanidades e das Ciências Biomédicas no processo de formação médica. No entanto, a visão econômica e trabalhista do exercício profissional do médico, numa dimensão individual, foi negligenciada. Este estudo se propôs a responder a questão: A graduação prepara os futuros médicos para lidarem com as influências das variáveis econômicas e trabalhistas do Mundo do Trabalho sobre o seu exercício profissional? Para tal foi realizado um estudo quanti-qualitativo com residentes médicos recémegressos de vários cursos de Medicina do Brasil. Num primeiro momento, 26 residentes responderam questões fechadas acerca da presença desta temática durante a graduação e dos aspectos trabalhistas e econômicos do exercício profissional. Num segundo momento, 10 residentes foram entrevistados, a fim de aprofundar a temática da pesquisa. Os dados quantitativos foram dispostos em gráficos, tabelas e quadros, e os dados obtidos da entrevista foram submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo. As 276 unidades de registro obtidas neste momento e os resultados obtidos na primeira fase foram agrupados em três partes: preparação, visão atual e expectativa em relação aos aspectos econômicos do exercício profissional. Nós verificamos que houve uma carência da temática durante a graduação em virtude do tradicionalismo educacional, de uma inércia (discente e institucional) e de uma supervalorização de áreas tecnicistas. Quando houve contato, ele foi tangencial tanto no currículo informal, quanto no formal. Uma maior profundidade da temática no currículo formal esteve restrita a disciplinas eletivas. Os residentes referiram que saem da graduação com dificuldades para interagir com a temática. Eles também constataram que há a necessidade de se abordar tal temática durante a graduação, não necessariamente na forma de disciplina. Ao entrar no mercado de trabalho, os residentes tiveram dificuldades em caracterizar as diversas formas de inserção no mercado e a tipologia da tributação. Além disto, eles reconhecem que a Residência Médica é um momento, onde se pode corrigir esta deficiência. Ao caracterizar o mercado de trabalho, os recém-egressos identificaram a dificuldade da prática exclusiva como profissional liberal, a necessidade da multiplicidade de vínculos trabalhistas, a carga excessiva de plantões no início da carreira, a ênfase na prática especializada da profissão médica e a possibilidade de queda da qualidade dos formandos em virtude do aumento recente na oferta de vagas nas escolas médicas. Os residentes associaram a maior remuneração com especialização, atividade em consultório e realização de procedimentos. Eles apresentaram uma boa expectativa em relação à remuneração laboral, apesar de relatarem dificuldades em estabelecer metas profissionais a médio e longo prazo. A fase da aposentadoria, de certa forma, foi negligenciada pelos residentes, embora tivessem se posicionado a favor de uma reflexão sobre o tema no início da carreira. Acreditamos que alguma forma de aproximação sistematizada do estudante de Medicina com os aspectos econômicos e trabalhistas do Mundo do Trabalho é inevitável para que ocorra um início da carreira mais consciente por parte do médico recém-formado.
The technological development after Industrial Revolution led Medicine practice has been based on a technical model in detriment of the humanist model. Besides, there is a much discussion about the influence of the Humanities and of the Biomedical Sciences on the medical formation process. However, the economical view and work aspect of the medical professional practice, in an individual dimension, has been neglected. This study has the objective of answering the question: Does the medical graduation prepare the future doctors to lead the influences of work and economical variables of the work world on their professional practice? With this objective it was done a quanti-qualitative study with 26 newly egressed medical residents from medical graduation in Brazil. In a first moment, the residents answered closed questions about the economical and work aspects of professional practice, and the presence of this theme during the graduation. In a second moment, 10 residents were interviewed in order to make a deep study of this research’s theme. The quantitative data were arranged in graphics, charts and tables, and the data obtained in interviews were submitted to a content analysis. The 276 register units obtained from this analysis and the results of the first phase were shared in three parts: preparation, current view and expectative in respect to the economical professional practice aspects. In the end of research, it was verified that there was a lack of the economical and work aspects of the work world during the medical graduation due to the educational traditionalism, the institutional and students’ inertia and excessive valorization of the biomedical areas. When there was approach, it was superficial as in informal curriculum as formal. More details about the subject in the formal curriculum have been restricted to elective disciplines. The residents referred that they take the degree with difficulties to interact with the Work World. They verified that there is the necessity to approach the economical and labor aspects of the medical profession during the graduation, not necessarily in form of discipline. When entering in the job market, the residents have been difficulties to describe the various forms of insertion in the job market e the types of tributes. Besides, they recognized that the Residency is a moment which it can be corrected this deficiency. When the residents characterized the job market, they identified: difficulty to exclusive practice like liberal professional, necessity of many jobs, excessive number of shifts in the beginning of career, the emphasis to specialized practice of the medical profession and the possibility of decline of the quality of the newly graduated physicians. The residents linked a large remuneration with specialization, practice at doctor’s office and execution of medical proceedings. They manifested a good expectative about to the job remuneration, in spite of relating difficulties to establish professional aims at medium and long term. The period of the retirement was neglected by residents, though they manifested favorable opinion to the reflection about the subject in the beginning of the career. We believe that some type of systematized approach of the Medicine’s student with the economical and labor aspects of the Work World is inevitable in order to there is a beginning of career more conscious in behalf of newly-graduated physician.
The technological development after Industrial Revolution led Medicine practice has been based on a technical model in detriment of the humanist model. Besides, there is a much discussion about the influence of the Humanities and of the Biomedical Sciences on the medical formation process. However, the economical view and work aspect of the medical professional practice, in an individual dimension, has been neglected. This study has the objective of answering the question: Does the medical graduation prepare the future doctors to lead the influences of work and economical variables of the work world on their professional practice? With this objective it was done a quanti-qualitative study with 26 newly egressed medical residents from medical graduation in Brazil. In a first moment, the residents answered closed questions about the economical and work aspects of professional practice, and the presence of this theme during the graduation. In a second moment, 10 residents were interviewed in order to make a deep study of this research’s theme. The quantitative data were arranged in graphics, charts and tables, and the data obtained in interviews were submitted to a content analysis. The 276 register units obtained from this analysis and the results of the first phase were shared in three parts: preparation, current view and expectative in respect to the economical professional practice aspects. In the end of research, it was verified that there was a lack of the economical and work aspects of the work world during the medical graduation due to the educational traditionalism, the institutional and students’ inertia and excessive valorization of the biomedical areas. When there was approach, it was superficial as in informal curriculum as formal. More details about the subject in the formal curriculum have been restricted to elective disciplines. The residents referred that they take the degree with difficulties to interact with the Work World. They verified that there is the necessity to approach the economical and labor aspects of the medical profession during the graduation, not necessarily in form of discipline. When entering in the job market, the residents have been difficulties to describe the various forms of insertion in the job market e the types of tributes. Besides, they recognized that the Residency is a moment which it can be corrected this deficiency. When the residents characterized the job market, they identified: difficulty to exclusive practice like liberal professional, necessity of many jobs, excessive number of shifts in the beginning of career, the emphasis to specialized practice of the medical profession and the possibility of decline of the quality of the newly graduated physicians. The residents linked a large remuneration with specialization, practice at doctor’s office and execution of medical proceedings. They manifested a good expectative about to the job remuneration, in spite of relating difficulties to establish professional aims at medium and long term. The period of the retirement was neglected by residents, though they manifested favorable opinion to the reflection about the subject in the beginning of the career. We believe that some type of systematized approach of the Medicine’s student with the economical and labor aspects of the Work World is inevitable in order to there is a beginning of career more conscious in behalf of newly-graduated physician.
Descrição
Citação
MACEDO, Douglas Henrique de. O Mundo do Trabalho na Graduação Médica: a visão dos recém-egressos. 2010. 201 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2010.