Análise histopatológica hepática após suplementação com prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos em ratos desnutridos
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Data
2023-12-05
Autores
Viana, Natalia Schopp de Oliveira [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Pereira, Claudia Cristina Alves [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
A desnutrição afeta uma grande parcela da população em diversos lugares do mundo, e as projeções atuais não indicam melhora neste quadro. Além de se refletir nas medidas antropométricas, a desnutrição afeta processos essenciais ao organismo em diversos órgãos. Evidências sugerem que em estados de desnutrição, o fígado pode sofrer alterações metabólicas e danos em seu tecido através de alterações na microbiota e permeabilidade intestinal. Objetivo: Realizar estudo histológico dos efeitos da suplementação de prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos no fígado de ratos desnutridos. Materiais e métodos: Ratos machos da linhagem Lewis (N=40) foram divididos em 2 subgrupos experimentais, Nutridos (n=20) e Desnutridos (n=20). No 10º dia de experimento, os animais foram novamente subdivididos em 8 grupos (n=5 por grupo), mantendo-se a condição de nutrição ou desnutrição: Controle [NC e DNC]: Dieta oral padrão + gavagem (Gv) com água; Grupo prebiótico [NPRE e DNPRE]: Dieta oral ad libitum + Gv com prebiótico; Grupo probiótico [NPRO e DNPRO]: Dieta oral ad libitum + Gv com probiótico; Grupo simbiótico [NSIM e DNSIM]: Dieta oral ad libitum + Gv com simbiótico. No 15º dia após tratamento nutricional (25º dia após início dos experimentos) os ratos foram eutanasiados e foram coletadas amostras do tecido hepático que foram fixadas em formol tamponado a 10% por um período de 24h, depois foram gradualmente desidratados em álcool, diafanizados em xilol e, posteriormente, incluídos em blocos de parafina. Os tecidos foram cortados em secções de 3 µm de espessura, depois corados com hematoxilina-eosina (H.E) para avaliação histopatológica. Resultados: O grupo nutrido controle (NC) apresentou estrutura tecidual com maior preservação comparado ao grupo desnutrido controle (DNC). Entre os que receberam suplementação, apenas o grupo desnutrido suplementado com prebiótico (DNPRE) apresentou melhora significativa em relação ao grupo desnutrido controle (DNC). Conclusão: A desnutrição acarreta em impactos negativos no tecido hepático com maior área de necrose e hemorragia tecidual. Dentre as suplementações ofertadas, apenas a oferta de prebióticos foi capaz de apresentar melhora dos aspectos histopatológicos hepáticos em ratos desnutridos.
Malnutrition affects a significant portion of the population in various parts of the world, and current projections do not indicate improvement in this situation. In addition to reflecting anthropometric measurements, malnutrition affects essential processes in the body across various organs. Evidence suggests that in states of malnutrition, the liver may undergo metabolic changes and experience damage to its tissue through alterations in the microbiota and intestinal permeability. Objective: To conduct a histological study on the effects of supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the livers of malnourished rats. Materials and Methods: Male Lewis lineage rats (N=40) were divided into 2 experimental subgroups, Nutrient-Fed (n=20) and Malnourished (n=20). On the 10th day of the experiment, the animals were further subdivided into 8 groups (n=5 per group), maintaining the nutritional or malnourished condition: Control [NC and DNC]: Standard oral diet + gavage (Gv) with water; Prebiotic Group [NPRE and DNPRE]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with prebiotic; Probiotic Group [NPRO and DNPRO]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with probiotic; Synbiotic Group [NSIM and DNSIM]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with synbiotic. On the 15th day after nutritional treatment (25th day after the start of the experiments), the rats were euthanized, and liver tissue samples were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 hours, gradually dehydrated in alcohol, clarified in xylene, and subsequently embedded in paraffin blocks. The tissues were cut into 3 µm thick sections, then stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Results: The nourished control group (NC) exhibited tissue structure with greater preservation compared to the malnourished control group (DNC). Among those who received supplementation, only the malnourished group supplemented with prebiotics (DNPRE) showed a significant improvement compared to the malnourished control group (DNC). Conclusion: Malnutrition leads to negative impacts on liver tissue with a larger area of necrosis and tissue hemorrhage. Among the offered supplements, only the provision of prebiotics was able to demonstrate improvement in hepatic histopathological aspects in malnourished rats.
Malnutrition affects a significant portion of the population in various parts of the world, and current projections do not indicate improvement in this situation. In addition to reflecting anthropometric measurements, malnutrition affects essential processes in the body across various organs. Evidence suggests that in states of malnutrition, the liver may undergo metabolic changes and experience damage to its tissue through alterations in the microbiota and intestinal permeability. Objective: To conduct a histological study on the effects of supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the livers of malnourished rats. Materials and Methods: Male Lewis lineage rats (N=40) were divided into 2 experimental subgroups, Nutrient-Fed (n=20) and Malnourished (n=20). On the 10th day of the experiment, the animals were further subdivided into 8 groups (n=5 per group), maintaining the nutritional or malnourished condition: Control [NC and DNC]: Standard oral diet + gavage (Gv) with water; Prebiotic Group [NPRE and DNPRE]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with prebiotic; Probiotic Group [NPRO and DNPRO]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with probiotic; Synbiotic Group [NSIM and DNSIM]: Ad libitum oral diet + Gv with synbiotic. On the 15th day after nutritional treatment (25th day after the start of the experiments), the rats were euthanized, and liver tissue samples were collected, fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 hours, gradually dehydrated in alcohol, clarified in xylene, and subsequently embedded in paraffin blocks. The tissues were cut into 3 µm thick sections, then stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Results: The nourished control group (NC) exhibited tissue structure with greater preservation compared to the malnourished control group (DNC). Among those who received supplementation, only the malnourished group supplemented with prebiotics (DNPRE) showed a significant improvement compared to the malnourished control group (DNC). Conclusion: Malnutrition leads to negative impacts on liver tissue with a larger area of necrosis and tissue hemorrhage. Among the offered supplements, only the provision of prebiotics was able to demonstrate improvement in hepatic histopathological aspects in malnourished rats.
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Citação
VIANA, Natalia Schopp de Oliveira. Análise histopatológica hepática após suplementação com prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos em ratos desnutridos. 2023. 34 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023