Grupo de emagrecimento: desafios e potências do controle do peso para adultos obesos
Data
2023-07-05
Autores
Bernardino, Caroline Aparecida 
Orientadores
Frutuoso, Maria Fernanda Petroli
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A pandemia da obesidade, junto à da desnutrição e das mudanças climáticas,
compõem a sindemia global que configura um cenário com relação direta com a alimentação,
provocando fome e obesidade. Em uma sociedade que valoriza o corpo magro como saudável
e dissemina padrões inalcançáveis de corpos e os profissionais de saúde tem a desafiadora
tarefa de construir ações de cuidado nos equipamentos de atenção primária à saúde (APS),
próximos dos territórios e do contexto onde a vida acontece e em situações de
vulnerabilidade. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar os facilitadores e os dificultadores do
cuidado alimentar e nutricional de indivíduos adultos obesos, atendidos na APS de São
Vicente, litoral de São Paulo. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica
realizada por meio de observação participante do Grupo de Emagrecimento (GE) ofertado
pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, que ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2022. A observação
dos seis encontros do GE foi registrada em diários de campo, analisados a partir dos
documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde, que versam sobre o cuidado de pessoas com
obesidade na APS. Resultados: O GE foi iniciado com 30 pessoas, divididas em dois grupos
realizados em unidade de saúde localizada na região central da cidade. As práticas
interdisciplinares foram se mostrando presentes nas ações em grupo e eram construídas,
conduzidas e avaliadas por profissionais das áreas de Nutrição, Fisioterapia e Psicologia. No
entanto, os profissionais encontraram dificuldades especialmente quanto ao espaço físico
apropriado, uma vez que muitos usuários interrompiam as atividades na busca de outras ações
em saúde. Outra questão foi a diminuição da participação das pessoas ao longo do tempo e a
ausência dos usuários em alguns encontros. Entre os desafios para o cuidado alimentar foram
relatados a ansiedade que provoca o aumento do consumo de alimentos e doces, a falta de
tempo para preparar e realizar as refeições e o preço das frutas. Já os facilitadores referidos
pelos participantes foram a prática periódica de atividade física e a substituição do arroz
branco pelo integral. Considerações finais: As discussões em grupo compuseram os
caminhos do cuidado que foram, muitas vezes, construídos entre os participantes, a partir da
troca de experiências e com a mediação dos profissionais da APS, colocando as ações em
grupo como promissoras no cuidado alimentar de adultos com obesidade.
Introduction: The obesity pandemic, along with that of malnutrition and climate change, make up the global syndemic that configures a scenario directly related to food, causing hunger and obesity. In a society that values a thin body as healthy and disseminates unattainable body standards, health professionals have the challenging task of building care actions in primary health care (APS) equipment, close to the territories and context where life happens and in situations of vulnerability. Objective: To describe and analyze the facilitators and obstacles of the food and nutritional care of obese adult individuals, assisted in the APS of São Vicente, coast of São Paulo. Materials and Methods: This is an ethnographic research carried out through participant observation of the Slimming Group (GE) offered by the Municipal Health Department, which took place in the second half of 2022. The observation of the six meetings of the GE was recorded in diaries field, analyzed from the official documents of the Ministry of Health, which deal with the care of people with obesity in APS. Results: The GE started with 30 people, divided into two groups held in a health unit located in the central region of the city. Interdisciplinary practices were present in group actions and were constructed, conducted and evaluated by professionals in the fields of Nutrition, Physiotherapy and Psychology. However, professionals encountered difficulties, especially regarding the appropriate physical space, since many users interrupted activities in search of other health actions. Another issue was the decrease in people's participation over time and the absence of users in some meetings. Among the challenges for food care, the anxiety caused by the increased consumption of food and sweets, the lack of time to prepare and carry out meals and the price of fruits were reported. The facilitators mentioned by the participants were the periodic practice of physical activity and the substitution of white rice for brown rice. Final considerations: Group discussions made up the care pathways that were often constructed among the participants, based on the exchange of experiences and with the mediation of APS professionals, placing group actions as promising in the food care of adults with obesity.
Introduction: The obesity pandemic, along with that of malnutrition and climate change, make up the global syndemic that configures a scenario directly related to food, causing hunger and obesity. In a society that values a thin body as healthy and disseminates unattainable body standards, health professionals have the challenging task of building care actions in primary health care (APS) equipment, close to the territories and context where life happens and in situations of vulnerability. Objective: To describe and analyze the facilitators and obstacles of the food and nutritional care of obese adult individuals, assisted in the APS of São Vicente, coast of São Paulo. Materials and Methods: This is an ethnographic research carried out through participant observation of the Slimming Group (GE) offered by the Municipal Health Department, which took place in the second half of 2022. The observation of the six meetings of the GE was recorded in diaries field, analyzed from the official documents of the Ministry of Health, which deal with the care of people with obesity in APS. Results: The GE started with 30 people, divided into two groups held in a health unit located in the central region of the city. Interdisciplinary practices were present in group actions and were constructed, conducted and evaluated by professionals in the fields of Nutrition, Physiotherapy and Psychology. However, professionals encountered difficulties, especially regarding the appropriate physical space, since many users interrupted activities in search of other health actions. Another issue was the decrease in people's participation over time and the absence of users in some meetings. Among the challenges for food care, the anxiety caused by the increased consumption of food and sweets, the lack of time to prepare and carry out meals and the price of fruits were reported. The facilitators mentioned by the participants were the periodic practice of physical activity and the substitution of white rice for brown rice. Final considerations: Group discussions made up the care pathways that were often constructed among the participants, based on the exchange of experiences and with the mediation of APS professionals, placing group actions as promising in the food care of adults with obesity.
Descrição
Citação
BERNARDINO, Caroline Aparecida. Grupo de emagrecimento: desafios e potências do controle do peso para adultos obesos. 2023. 39 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Nutrição) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.