Abordagens inovadoras para o desenvolvimento de vacinas
Data
2021-01-29
Autores
Carrieri, Carolina Roberto 
Orientadores
Xander, Patricia
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O sistema imunológico é capaz de eliminar corpos estranhos, como patógenos, para manter a homeostasia do corpo. Contudo, alguns desses patógenos são capazes de escapar dos mecanismos das respostas imunológicas. Por isso, a vacinação foi desenvolvida e utilizada para imunizar as pessoas contra doenças. Entretanto, a vacinação ainda não é uma prática sustentável contra qualquer patógeno. Doenças como AIDS e malária ainda permanecem sem vacinas. Por isso, novas técnicas estão sendo estudadas como alternativas para a produção de vacinas seguras e eficazes contra doenças que os métodos convencionais não abrangem. Este estudo tem o objetivo de discutir sobre as principais técnicas que têm se mostrado promissoras nesse processo de desenvolvimento de vacinas para melhor compreensão do atual quadro de pesquisas e o que a tecnologia conseguiu proporcionar até hoje. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica de estudos publicados em plataformas científicas a partir do ano de 2010. As técnicas de obtenção de vacina mantidas como promissoras em seus estudos clínicos foram selecionadas e são devidamente apresentadas neste trabalho, a saber: desenvolvimento a partir de ácidos nucleicos, vetores virais, nanopartículas e vesículas extracelulares. O desenvolvimento deste estudo possibilitou visualizar o quadro atual das pesquisas dessas tecnologias, em qual estágio de estudo cada uma se encontra, a fim de entender melhor seus mecanismos, vantagens e desvantagens.
The immune system is able to eliminate foreign bodies, such as pathogens, to maintain the body's homeostasis. However, some of these pathogens are able to escape the mechanisms of immune responses. Therefore, vaccination has been developed and used to immunize people against several diseases. Through the production of antibodies and other memory cells, many lives have been spared against diseases like smallpox and yellow fever. However, vaccination is not yet a sustainable practice against any pathogen. Diseases like AIDs and malaria still remain without a vaccine. Therefore, new techniques are being studied as alternatives for safe and effective vaccines against diseases that conventional methods do not cover. This study aims to discuss the main techniques that have proven promising in this development process for a better understanding of the current research framework and what the technology has been able to provide us until today. Thus, we reviwed the literature including studies published on scientific platforms since 2010, the techniques for obtaining vaccine kept as promising in their clinical studies were selected and are presented in this work. The development of this study made it possible to visualize the current research picture of these technologies, in which stage of study each one is, in order to better understand their mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages.
The immune system is able to eliminate foreign bodies, such as pathogens, to maintain the body's homeostasis. However, some of these pathogens are able to escape the mechanisms of immune responses. Therefore, vaccination has been developed and used to immunize people against several diseases. Through the production of antibodies and other memory cells, many lives have been spared against diseases like smallpox and yellow fever. However, vaccination is not yet a sustainable practice against any pathogen. Diseases like AIDs and malaria still remain without a vaccine. Therefore, new techniques are being studied as alternatives for safe and effective vaccines against diseases that conventional methods do not cover. This study aims to discuss the main techniques that have proven promising in this development process for a better understanding of the current research framework and what the technology has been able to provide us until today. Thus, we reviwed the literature including studies published on scientific platforms since 2010, the techniques for obtaining vaccine kept as promising in their clinical studies were selected and are presented in this work. The development of this study made it possible to visualize the current research picture of these technologies, in which stage of study each one is, in order to better understand their mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages.