Índice de Qualidade para Cardápios da Alimentação Escolar: Revisão e Validação
Data
2023-08-22
Autores
Camargo, Rafaella Guimarães Moraes 
Orientadores
Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A qualidade da alimentação escolar no Brasil é determinada por fatores econômicos, ambientais, sociais e por meio dos atores envolvidos na gestão e execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE. O Índice de Qualidade para Cardápios da Alimentação Escolar – IQCAE, foi criado e submetido à validação com o objetivo de contribuir para o acompanhamento e a fiscalização do Programa. O planejamento de cardápios deve ser realizado de maneira a cumprir os requisitos nutricionais e os parâmetros técnicos previstos em lei e resoluções do PNAE, cujo cumprimento é indispensável para promover um cardápio saudável e para contribuir para Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Existem apenas três instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar cardápios escolares no Brasil, e o IQCAE é o único já submetido a estudo de validação; contudo, diretrizes apontadas em consenso anterior e alterações nas normativas do PNAE demandam sua atualização. OBJETIVO: Revisar e validar a nova versão do IQCAE, e estudar fatores associados à qualidade de cardápios escolares. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico de caráter quali-quantitativo que foi realizado em quatro etapas: (1) Atualização e revisão do IQCAE; (2) Avaliação da qualidade dos cardápios da alimentação escolar segundo a nova versão do IQCAE-R; (3) Validação do IQCAE-R; e (4) Estudo de determinantes da qualidade da alimentação escolar. RESULTADOS: O Índice de Qualidade para Cardápios da Alimentação Escolar Revisado possui 14 componentes, sendo a validade de critério sustentada por concordância moderada entre avaliação dos especialistas e sua aplicação nos cardápios. Com relação à reprodutibilidade, não houve diferença entre as médias das notas dos avaliadores, indicando que o instrumento gera o mesmo resultado quando aplicado repetidas vezes. A consistência interna foi verificada a partir da correlação de Spearman, que variou de fracas a muito fortes e, por fim, os valores de KMO e coeficientes significativos para o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett representaram medidas de adequação da amostra; análise fatorial exploratória apresentou comunalidades e cargas fatoriais satisfatórias para a maioria dos itens. Foi possível observar associação significativa do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano com a qualidade dos cardápios. Conclusão: O IQCAE-R atendeu aos critérios de validade e confiabilidade para avaliar cardápios da alimentação escolar, e incorpora componentes de sustentabilidade, recomendações do Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira e diretrizes vigentes do PNAE.
The quality of school meals in Brazil is determined by economic, environmental, social factors and by the actors involved in the management and execution of the National School Meals Program – PNAE. The Quality Index for School Meals Menus – IQCAE was created and submitted for validation with the aim of contributing to the monitoring and inspection of the Program. Menu planning must be carried out in such a way as to comply with the nutritional requirements and technical parameters provided by law and IQCAE resolutions, whose compliance is essential to promote a healthy menu and to contribute to Food and Nutritional Security. There are only three instruments available in the literature to evaluate school menus in Brazil, and the IQCAE is the only one already submitted to a validation study; however, guidelines indicated in previous consensus and changes in the normative instruments in the PNAE regulations demand their updating. OBJECTIVE: Review and validate the new version of the Quality Index for School Meals Menus – IQCAE, and study factors associated with the quality of school menus. METHODS: This is a qualitative and quantitative methodological study that was carried out in four stages: (1) IQCAE update and review; (2) Evaluation of the quality of school meals menus according to the new version of the IQCAE-R; (3) Validation of the IQCAE-R; and (4) Study of determinants of the quality of school meals. RESULTS: The Revised Quality Index for School Meals Menus has 14 components, and the criterion validity is supported by moderate agreement between the specialists' evaluation and its application in the menus. In relation to reproducibility, there was no difference between the average scores of the evaluators, indicating that the instrument generates the same result when applied repeatedly. Internal consistency was verified using Spearman's correlation, which ranged from weak to very strong and, finally, KMO values and significant coefficients for Bartlett's sphericity test represented measures of sample adequacy; exploratory factor analysis showed satisfactory communalities and factor loadings for most items. It was possible to observe a significant association between the Human Development Index and the quality of the menus. Conclusion: The IQCAE-R met the validity and reliability criteria to evaluate school meals menus, incorporates sustainability components andthe recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and current PNAE guidelines.
The quality of school meals in Brazil is determined by economic, environmental, social factors and by the actors involved in the management and execution of the National School Meals Program – PNAE. The Quality Index for School Meals Menus – IQCAE was created and submitted for validation with the aim of contributing to the monitoring and inspection of the Program. Menu planning must be carried out in such a way as to comply with the nutritional requirements and technical parameters provided by law and IQCAE resolutions, whose compliance is essential to promote a healthy menu and to contribute to Food and Nutritional Security. There are only three instruments available in the literature to evaluate school menus in Brazil, and the IQCAE is the only one already submitted to a validation study; however, guidelines indicated in previous consensus and changes in the normative instruments in the PNAE regulations demand their updating. OBJECTIVE: Review and validate the new version of the Quality Index for School Meals Menus – IQCAE, and study factors associated with the quality of school menus. METHODS: This is a qualitative and quantitative methodological study that was carried out in four stages: (1) IQCAE update and review; (2) Evaluation of the quality of school meals menus according to the new version of the IQCAE-R; (3) Validation of the IQCAE-R; and (4) Study of determinants of the quality of school meals. RESULTS: The Revised Quality Index for School Meals Menus has 14 components, and the criterion validity is supported by moderate agreement between the specialists' evaluation and its application in the menus. In relation to reproducibility, there was no difference between the average scores of the evaluators, indicating that the instrument generates the same result when applied repeatedly. Internal consistency was verified using Spearman's correlation, which ranged from weak to very strong and, finally, KMO values and significant coefficients for Bartlett's sphericity test represented measures of sample adequacy; exploratory factor analysis showed satisfactory communalities and factor loadings for most items. It was possible to observe a significant association between the Human Development Index and the quality of the menus. Conclusion: The IQCAE-R met the validity and reliability criteria to evaluate school meals menus, incorporates sustainability components andthe recommendations of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and current PNAE guidelines.
Descrição
Citação
CAMARGO, Rafaella Guimarães Moraes. Índice de Qualidade para Cardápios da Alimentação Escolar: Revisão e Validação. 2023. 162 f. Tese (Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.