Mercado de Gás Brasileiro nos Últimos 25 Anos
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Data
2023-12-08
Autores
Costa, Ana Júlia Pereira da [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Oliveira, Emiliano Castro de [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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O gás natural foi primeiro adotado no Brasil em 1939, mas passou a assumir um papel mais relevante na matriz energética brasileira apenas nos anos 1990, resultando na construção do Gasoduto Bolívia-Brasil (Gasbol). A elevada dependência das importações para suprir a demanda nacional, com um mercado que tem enfrentado cada vez mais aberturas à iniciativa privada, mostra a necessidade de discutir o papel do gás natural na matriz energética brasileira ao longo dos anos até os dias atuais. O presente trabalho buscou realizar um panorama histórico do mercado de gás natural brasileiro nos últimos 25 anos (1998-2023), a fim de abordar o estágio atual do gás no Brasil e seu potencial de desenvolvimento no mercado nacional. A abordagem do estudo foi qualitativa, com apoio de documentos oficiais da ANP, EPE, BNDES e do Ministério de Minas e Energia, além de consulta a artigos científicos, dissertações e teses, e matérias jornalísticas. A partir da revisão de literatura e de matérias jornalísticas, foi organizada uma linha do tempo de 1998 a 2023 cobrindo os principais acontecimentos que afetaram a indústria e o mercado de gás natural no Brasil, os quais estiveram e estão ligados a Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras). Nesse contexto, expõe-se a crescente necessidade de um plano de desenvolvimento nacional que coloque a Petrobras como empresa central, não apenas nas políticas socioeconômicas, mas também nas políticas de transição energética.
Natural gas was first adopted in Brazil in 1939, but only took a more relevant role in the national energy matrix in the 1990s, resulting in the construction of the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline (Gasbol). The high dependence on imports to meet national demand, with a market that has faced a process of increasing openings to the private sector, shows the necessity to discuss the role of natural gas in the Brazilian energy matrix throughout the last 25 years to the current days. The study intended to provide a historic overview of the Brazilian gas market in the last 25 years (1998-2023), in order to address the current stage of natural gas in Brazil and its potential for development in the national market. The study approach was qualitative, with the assistance of official documents from Brazilian governmental agencies like the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis), Energy Research Company (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética), National Bank for Economic and Social Development (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social) and the Ministry of Mines and Energy (Ministério de Minas e Energia), in addition to the consultation of scientific articles, dissertations and theses, as well as journalistic articles. Based on the literature review and on the journalistic articles, a timeline was organized from 1998 to 2023, covering the main events that affected the natural gas market and industry in Brazil, which were and are, to this day, linked to Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras). In this context, it’s observed the growing need for a national development plan that places Petrobras as a central company, not only in socioeconomic policy, but also in the energy transition plan.
Natural gas was first adopted in Brazil in 1939, but only took a more relevant role in the national energy matrix in the 1990s, resulting in the construction of the Bolivia-Brazil Gas Pipeline (Gasbol). The high dependence on imports to meet national demand, with a market that has faced a process of increasing openings to the private sector, shows the necessity to discuss the role of natural gas in the Brazilian energy matrix throughout the last 25 years to the current days. The study intended to provide a historic overview of the Brazilian gas market in the last 25 years (1998-2023), in order to address the current stage of natural gas in Brazil and its potential for development in the national market. The study approach was qualitative, with the assistance of official documents from Brazilian governmental agencies like the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis), Energy Research Company (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética), National Bank for Economic and Social Development (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social) and the Ministry of Mines and Energy (Ministério de Minas e Energia), in addition to the consultation of scientific articles, dissertations and theses, as well as journalistic articles. Based on the literature review and on the journalistic articles, a timeline was organized from 1998 to 2023, covering the main events that affected the natural gas market and industry in Brazil, which were and are, to this day, linked to Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras). In this context, it’s observed the growing need for a national development plan that places Petrobras as a central company, not only in socioeconomic policy, but also in the energy transition plan.
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Citação
COSTA, Ana Júlia Pereira da. Mercado de Gás Brasileiro nos Últimos 25 Anos. 2023. 46 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2023.