Impressão 3D de imagens de Ressonância Magnética da pelve feminina para ensino em ginecologia
Data
2022
Autores
Orlando, Gabriel Sinval 
Orientadores
Sartori, Marair Gracio Ferreira
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O campo tecnológico vem evoluindo cada dia mais, tanto em ferramentas eletrônicas como em mecanismos para tornar a vida no dia a dia mais fácil. O surgimento da manufatura aditiva (MA) possibilita a criação de objetos personalizados a partir de um modelo virtual. É iminente a revolução que a impressão em 3D trará para todas as áreas, principalmente na área da saúde, os benefícios incluem a customização e personalização de produtos médicos, medicamentos e equipamentos, como a criação de modelos anatômicos tridimensionais com viés didático e educacional. Tendo isso em mente, se viu necessário o uso de imagens médicas de alta qualidade para sua impressão em 3D, onde o exame de Ressonância Magnética (RM) foi o escolhido para este proposito. A RM apresenta grande resolução espacial, ótima qualidade de imagem e é capaz de diferenciar tecidos moles distintos, sendo a escolhida para a criação de um modelo virtual anatômico para impressão dos órgãos femininos internos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é a criação de um modelo tridimensional dos órgãos internos femininos através da impressão 3D. Métodos: Foi usado um exame de RM da pelve feminina disponível no banco de dados do Departamento de Diagnostico por Imagem (DDI) da Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) para a criação do modelo virtual e sua impressão. Para o manuseio das imagens, foram empregados os programas InVesalius® (Versão 3.1.1), delimitação e limpeza da imagem; e o programa Blender® (Versão 3.0.0), refinamento e acabamento do protótipo digital. Os modelos gerados são gravados em arquivo no formato STL possibilitando sua transmissão para o programa de impressão 3D. Após ser refinado o arquivo STL é enviado para o software Ultimaker Cura® que é responsável por fatiar o objeto em camadas e prepará-lo para impressão, que por sua vez foi utilizado uma impressora 3D Renkforce RF100 V2®. O material utilizado para impressão da peça anatômica foi o filamento de PLA. Resultados: As peças anatômicas impressas tridimensionalmente conseguiram reproduzir de forma satisfatória a maioria das estruturas. O órgão foi representado com fidelidade pela impressora, no entanto, a impressão da tuba uterina ficou muito fina e delicada, o que tornou essa parte da peça muito sensível a toques, problema que foi mais do modelo virtual do que da impressão em 3D em si. Após a impressão, é necessário um tratamento específico na peça, pois essa sai da impressora com imperfeições, rebarbas e algumas incongruências com o
modelo virtual. Em geral, a representação do modelo virtual em três dimensões foi muito satisfatória, levando em conta que cada detalhe foi reproduzido com fidelidade em comparação com o arquivo digital. Conclusão: Para órgãos e partes moles do corpo, é necessário um exame de imagem especificamente voltado para o estudo, atribuindo melhor qualidade e resolução de imagem possível, para que o protótipo anatômico impresso se aproxima ao máximo da realidade.
Introduction: The technological field is evolving more and more, both in electronic tools and in mechanisms to make everyday life easier. The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) makes it possible to create custom objects from a virtual model. The revolution that 3D printing will bring to all areas is imminent, especially in the health area, the benefits include the customization and personalization of medical products, medicines and equipment, such as the creation of three-dimensional anatomical models with a didactic and educational bias. With this in mind, it was necessary to use high quality medical images for their 3D printing, where the Magnetic Resonance (MRI) exam was chosen for this purpose. MRI has high spatial resolution, excellent image quality and can differentiate distinct soft tissues, being chosen for the creation of a virtual anatomical model for printing of the internal female organs. Objective: The objective of this work is to create a three-dimensional prototype of female internal organs through 3D printing. Methods: An MRI scan of the female pelvis available in the database of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (DDI) of the Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) was used to create the virtual model and its print. To handle the images, the programs InVesalius® (Version 3.1.1), delimitation and cleaning of the image were used; and the program Blender® (Version 3.0.0), refinement and finishing of the digital prototype. The generated models are saved in a file in the STL format, allowing their transmission to the 3D printing program. After being refined, the STL file is sent to the Ultimaker Cura® software, which is responsible for slicing the object into layers and preparing it for printing, which in turn was used on a Renkforce RF100 V2® 3D printer. The material used for printing the anatomical part was PLA filament. Results: The three- dimensionally printed anatomical pieces were able to satisfactorily reproduce most of the structures. The organ was faithfully represented by the printer, however, the impression of the fallopian tube was very thin and delicate, which made this part of the piece very sensitive to touches, a problem that was more related to the virtual model than the 3D printing itself. After printing, a specific treatment is required on the part, as it leaves the printer with imperfections, burrs and some inconsistencies with the virtual model. In general, the representation of the virtual model in three dimensions was very satisfactory, taking into account that every detail was faithfully reproduced compared to the digital file. Conclusion: For organs and soft parts of the body, an image exam specifically aimed at the study is necessary, attributing the best possible image quality and resolution, so that the printed anatomical prototype is as close as possible to reality.
Introduction: The technological field is evolving more and more, both in electronic tools and in mechanisms to make everyday life easier. The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) makes it possible to create custom objects from a virtual model. The revolution that 3D printing will bring to all areas is imminent, especially in the health area, the benefits include the customization and personalization of medical products, medicines and equipment, such as the creation of three-dimensional anatomical models with a didactic and educational bias. With this in mind, it was necessary to use high quality medical images for their 3D printing, where the Magnetic Resonance (MRI) exam was chosen for this purpose. MRI has high spatial resolution, excellent image quality and can differentiate distinct soft tissues, being chosen for the creation of a virtual anatomical model for printing of the internal female organs. Objective: The objective of this work is to create a three-dimensional prototype of female internal organs through 3D printing. Methods: An MRI scan of the female pelvis available in the database of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging (DDI) of the Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) was used to create the virtual model and its print. To handle the images, the programs InVesalius® (Version 3.1.1), delimitation and cleaning of the image were used; and the program Blender® (Version 3.0.0), refinement and finishing of the digital prototype. The generated models are saved in a file in the STL format, allowing their transmission to the 3D printing program. After being refined, the STL file is sent to the Ultimaker Cura® software, which is responsible for slicing the object into layers and preparing it for printing, which in turn was used on a Renkforce RF100 V2® 3D printer. The material used for printing the anatomical part was PLA filament. Results: The three- dimensionally printed anatomical pieces were able to satisfactorily reproduce most of the structures. The organ was faithfully represented by the printer, however, the impression of the fallopian tube was very thin and delicate, which made this part of the piece very sensitive to touches, a problem that was more related to the virtual model than the 3D printing itself. After printing, a specific treatment is required on the part, as it leaves the printer with imperfections, burrs and some inconsistencies with the virtual model. In general, the representation of the virtual model in three dimensions was very satisfactory, taking into account that every detail was faithfully reproduced compared to the digital file. Conclusion: For organs and soft parts of the body, an image exam specifically aimed at the study is necessary, attributing the best possible image quality and resolution, so that the printed anatomical prototype is as close as possible to reality.