Organização do trabalho em centros especializados de atenção à pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19
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Data
2024-02-06
Autores
Pereira, Delvania de Figueredo [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Rossit, Rosana Aparecida Salvador [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O direito à saúde, consagrado na Constituição Federal de 1988 como um dos pilares dos direitos sociais, enfrenta o desafio de ser efetivamente assegurado de maneira equânime, guiado pelos princípios de integralidade, interdisciplinaridade e intersetorialidade. O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma alteração do desenvolvimento caracterizada pela dificuldade na comunicação social e pela presença de comportamentos restritos e repetitivos que podem se manifestar de diferentes formas e intensidades. Esses déficits podem causar prejuízos nas áreas familiar, social, educacional, pessoal, bem como em atividades da vida diária e profissional. Com incidências crescentes ao longo dos anos, tem se constituído em importante tema para investigações. A responsabilidade pelo bem-estar dessa população não pode se limitar a ações baseadas no diagnóstico, devendo avançar para a intervenção, utilizando estratégias eficazes para promover a integralidade no cuidado e que valorize a autonomia individual. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender a organização do trabalho nos centros de atenção à pessoa com TEA no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de pesquisa de campo, exploratória-descritiva com abordagem quali-quantitativa. Participaram da pesquisa 53 profissionais de diferentes categorias, atuantes na região metropolitana da Baixada Santista/SP e com experiência no atendimento à pessoa com TEA em centros especializados. A coleta de dados envolveu a aplicação da Escala de Clima na Equipe (Silva, 2014) em sua versão adaptada e validada para o contexto brasileiro. A escala é composta por quatro dimensões: participação na equipe; apoio a novas ideias; definição de objetivos da equipe; e, orientação nas tarefas. Diante do contexto pandêmico da COVID-19, a coleta de dados foi realizada de forma online, com a escala preparada em formulário eletrônico e hospedada em plataforma virtual. As rodas de conversa (RC) foram realizadas por videochamada, a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado para aprofundamento dos dados obtidos com a aplicação da Escala de Clima na Equipe. A análise dos dados originados da Escala foi realizada por meio de estatísticas descritivas, e para os resultados das RC utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Os resultados mostram características da dinâmica da organização do trabalho nos centros especializados de atendimento a TEA no contexto pandêmico e o grau de integração dos profissionais na equipe, os quais revelaram necessidade de maior preparação dos profissionais para a atuação junto às pessoas com TEA e seus familiares. A educação permanente foi destacada como estratégia necessária para qualificar a prática profissional na atuação com as pessoas com TEA. O estudo contribuiu para a compreensão da organização do trabalho nos centros especializados de atendimento ao TEA durante a pandemia, indicando a importância da colaboração entre profissionais de diferentes categorias e a necessidade de formação permanente para promover a integralidade no cuidado e a autonomia das pessoas com TEA.
The right to health, enshrined in the 1988 Federal Constitution as one of the pillars of social rights, faces the challenge of being effectively guaranteed in an equitable manner, guided by the principles of integrality, interdisciplinarity and intersectorality. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors that can manifest in different forms and intensities. These deficits can cause damage in family, social, educational and personal areas, as well as in activities of daily living and work. With increasing incidences over the years, it has become an important topic for research. Responsibility for the well-being of this population cannot be limited to actions based on diagnosis, but must move on to intervention, using effective strategies to promote comprehensive care that values individual autonomy. In this context, this study aims to understand the organization of work in care centers for people with ASD in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an exploratory-descriptive field study with a qualitative-quantitative approach. 53 professionals from different categories took part in the study, working in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista/SP and with experience in caring for people with ASD in specialized centers. Data collection involved the application of the Team Climate Scale (Silva, 2014) in its version adapted and validated for the Brazilian context. The scale consists of four dimensions: participation in the team; support for new ideas; definition of team goals; and task orientation. Given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, data was collected online, with the scale prepared in an electronic form and hosted on a virtual platform. Conversation circles (CRs) were held via video call, based on a semi-structured script to delve deeper into the data obtained from the application of the Team Climate Scale. The data from the Scale was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results of the CRs were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results show characteristics of the dynamics of work organization in specialized centers for ASD care in the pandemic context and the degree of integration of professionals in the team, which revealed a need for greater preparation of professionals to work with people with ASD and their families. Continuing education was highlighted as a necessary strategy to qualify professional practice in working with people with ASD. The study contributed to an understanding of the organization of work in specialist ASD care centers during the pandemic, indicating the importance of collaboration between professionals from different categories and the need for ongoing training to promote comprehensive care and the autonomy of people with ASD.
The right to health, enshrined in the 1988 Federal Constitution as one of the pillars of social rights, faces the challenge of being effectively guaranteed in an equitable manner, guided by the principles of integrality, interdisciplinarity and intersectorality. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors that can manifest in different forms and intensities. These deficits can cause damage in family, social, educational and personal areas, as well as in activities of daily living and work. With increasing incidences over the years, it has become an important topic for research. Responsibility for the well-being of this population cannot be limited to actions based on diagnosis, but must move on to intervention, using effective strategies to promote comprehensive care that values individual autonomy. In this context, this study aims to understand the organization of work in care centers for people with ASD in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an exploratory-descriptive field study with a qualitative-quantitative approach. 53 professionals from different categories took part in the study, working in the metropolitan region of Baixada Santista/SP and with experience in caring for people with ASD in specialized centers. Data collection involved the application of the Team Climate Scale (Silva, 2014) in its version adapted and validated for the Brazilian context. The scale consists of four dimensions: participation in the team; support for new ideas; definition of team goals; and task orientation. Given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, data was collected online, with the scale prepared in an electronic form and hosted on a virtual platform. Conversation circles (CRs) were held via video call, based on a semi-structured script to delve deeper into the data obtained from the application of the Team Climate Scale. The data from the Scale was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results of the CRs were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results show characteristics of the dynamics of work organization in specialized centers for ASD care in the pandemic context and the degree of integration of professionals in the team, which revealed a need for greater preparation of professionals to work with people with ASD and their families. Continuing education was highlighted as a necessary strategy to qualify professional practice in working with people with ASD. The study contributed to an understanding of the organization of work in specialist ASD care centers during the pandemic, indicating the importance of collaboration between professionals from different categories and the need for ongoing training to promote comprehensive care and the autonomy of people with ASD.
Descrição
Citação
PEREIRA, Delvania de Figueredo. Organização do trabalho em centros especializados de atenção à pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19. 2024. 127 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2024.