Acidentes na infância e adolescência: frequência, características e fatores relacionados
Data
2015-03-31
Autores
Filocomo, Fernanda Rocha Fodor 
Orientadores
Ohara, Conceicao Vieira da Silva
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Objetivo geral: analisar as ocorrências de acidentes em crianças e adolescentes atendidos em um pronto-socorro pediátrico no Município de São José dos Campos, Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: pesquisa transversal, descritiva, correlacional. Amostra de 2.421 registros de atendimentos de crianças e adolescentes, de zero a 13 anos, que sofreram acidentes no período de 01/09 a 31/12/2013. Resultados: a frequência dos acidentes correspondeu a 12,1%; houve predominância do sexo masculino (62,5%); a faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 10 a 13 anos (33,6%), seguida de cinco a nove (32,1%), de um a quatro (28,2%) e dos menores de um ano (6,1%). O tipo de acidente mais frequente foi queda (48,7%), seguido de contato com objetos (16,5%) e acidente não identificado com lesão indefinida (10,60%). Foi significante a associação de acidentes envolvendo ingestão ou introdução de corpo estranho e faixa etária (p=0,021), sendo a de 1 a 5 anos a de maior ocorrência e tendo como principais agentes envolvidos: moeda (25,4%) e grãos (9,5%). Nas colisões, a maioria das crianças e adolescentes estavam em um veículo automotor e em condições inadequadas quanto ao posicionamento e utilização de equipamento de segurança (30,4%). Verifica-se a associação (p<0,001) entre faixa etária e parte do corpo acometida, em crianças de até um ano de idade, o segmento cefálico/pescoço foi o mais atingido (75,0%), enquanto nos adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos, foram os membros superiores e inferiores (aproximadamente 30,0%). Em relação aos procedimentos intra-hospitalares realizados, observam-se: Raio-X (67,6%), avaliação de um médico especialista (52,7%); imobilização ortopédica (25,9%); tomografia computadorizada (10,5%) e curativo ou sutura (8,5%). A alta foi o desfecho mais ocorrido (84,0%), seguido por observação no próprio pronto-socorro (10,5%), internados em UTI ou enfermaria pediátrica (4,2%) e um caso de óbito. Conclusão: os acidentes tiveram alta incidência, acarretando um impacto para a população e para o setor saúde do município estudado, incluindo número elevado de atendimentos e, por consequência, custo, sem considerar os aspectos emocionais que são incalculáveis.
Objective: to analyze occurrences of accidents with children and adolescents admitted in the pediatric emergency unit in the municipality of São José dos Campos, São Paulo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research including 2,421 records of assistances delivered for children and adolescents who were victims of accidents from September 1 to December 31 2013. Results: The incidence of accidents corresponded to 12.1%; most of patients were male (62.5%); and the most affected age was 10 to 13 years (33.6%), followed by 5 to 9 years (32.1%), and 1 to 4 years (28.2%) and younger than 1 year (6,1%). The most frequent type of accident was fall (48.7%), followed by contact with objects (16.5%) and non-identified accident with non-specific lesion (10.6%). The association of accidents involving a foreign body was significant (p=0.021) and most frequent in patients aged 1 to 5 years, and the main causing agents were: coins (25.4%) and grains (9.5%). In car crashes, most of children and adolescents were in motor vehicle with inadequate conditions concerning positioning and use of safety equipment (30.4%). An association (p<0.001) is seen between age and part of the body affected in children aged up to 1 year, the cephalic/neck segment was the most affected (75.0%), whereas in adolescents aged 10 to 13 years the most affected area was lower and upper limbs (roughly 30.0%). Intra-hospitalar procedures done were X-ray (67.6%), assessment of specialist physician (52.7%); orthopedic immobilization (25.9%); computed tomography (10.5%) and bandage or suture (8.5%). Discharge was the most common outcome (84.0%), followed by observation in the emergency unit (10.5%), hospitalization in the ICU or pediatric nursing (4.2%) and one death. Conclusion: accidents had high incidence and seemed to impact negatively the population and health sector at the studied municipality. It also increased the number of assistances and, for consequence, the cost and without mentioning the emotional aspects, which are incalculable.
Objective: to analyze occurrences of accidents with children and adolescents admitted in the pediatric emergency unit in the municipality of São José dos Campos, São Paulo. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational research including 2,421 records of assistances delivered for children and adolescents who were victims of accidents from September 1 to December 31 2013. Results: The incidence of accidents corresponded to 12.1%; most of patients were male (62.5%); and the most affected age was 10 to 13 years (33.6%), followed by 5 to 9 years (32.1%), and 1 to 4 years (28.2%) and younger than 1 year (6,1%). The most frequent type of accident was fall (48.7%), followed by contact with objects (16.5%) and non-identified accident with non-specific lesion (10.6%). The association of accidents involving a foreign body was significant (p=0.021) and most frequent in patients aged 1 to 5 years, and the main causing agents were: coins (25.4%) and grains (9.5%). In car crashes, most of children and adolescents were in motor vehicle with inadequate conditions concerning positioning and use of safety equipment (30.4%). An association (p<0.001) is seen between age and part of the body affected in children aged up to 1 year, the cephalic/neck segment was the most affected (75.0%), whereas in adolescents aged 10 to 13 years the most affected area was lower and upper limbs (roughly 30.0%). Intra-hospitalar procedures done were X-ray (67.6%), assessment of specialist physician (52.7%); orthopedic immobilization (25.9%); computed tomography (10.5%) and bandage or suture (8.5%). Discharge was the most common outcome (84.0%), followed by observation in the emergency unit (10.5%), hospitalization in the ICU or pediatric nursing (4.2%) and one death. Conclusion: accidents had high incidence and seemed to impact negatively the population and health sector at the studied municipality. It also increased the number of assistances and, for consequence, the cost and without mentioning the emotional aspects, which are incalculable.
Descrição
Citação
FILOCOMO, Fernanda Rocha Fodor. Acidentes na infância e adolescência: frequência, características e fatores relacionados. 2015. 140 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2015.