Acumulação de microplásticos em moluscos habitantes de costões rochosos com diferentes hábitos alimentares
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Soares, Thaiza Maria Avelino 
Orientadores
Castro, Ítalo Braga
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Microplásticos (MPs) têm dimensões entre 1 µm e 5 mm, assim produzidos ou resultantes da
fragmentação de produtos maiores. Nos sistemas aquáticos, MPs são onipresentes na
atualidade devido sua persistência e fácil dispersão. Portanto, o monitoramento da ocorrência
e distribuição de MPs demanda esforços mundiais da comunidade científica internacional.
Nesse sentido, a seleção de matrizes ambientais mais adequadas para monitoramentos de
MPs ainda representa um desafio metodológico a ser superado. Moluscos são organismos
amplamente distribuídos, abundantes e facilmente coletados, que vêm sendo frequentemente
utilizados como sentinelas da contaminação aquática para diversos contaminantes, incluindo
MPs. Entretanto, considerando as vias de assimilação predominantes, a dieta alimentar desses
organismos pode influenciar as taxas de acumulação em seus tecidos e consequentemente
produzir distorções nos resultados obtidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi
avaliar comparativamente a acumulação de MPs em espécies de moluscos com diferentes
dietas alimentares distribuídas ao longo de um gradiente de contaminação no estuário de
Santos. Para tanto, foram selecionadas a ostra Crassostrea brasiliana (filtradora) e os
gastrópodes das espécies Lottia subrugosa (herbívora) e Stramonita brasiliensis (carnivora),
a fim de avaliar comparativamente qual a melhor sentinela para esse tipo de contaminação na
região. As amostras obtidas, principalmente de C. basiliana e S. brasiliensis, mostraram-se
adequadas para avaliação comparativa do acúmulo de MPs ao longo do gradiente espacial
proposto, considerando as diferenças significativas observadas (p > 0.05) nos parâmetros
biométricos. Entretanto, a acumulação de MPs em todas as espécies foi maior em no local S1
(próximo a Balsa) (2,10 a 8,9 itens g⁻¹) e progressivamente menor em S2 (Praia do Góes) e
S3 (Ilha das Palmas), refletindo um gradiente de contaminação. Nesse sentido, todas as
espécies foram igualmente capazes de refletir tal gradiente de MPs no SES. Os organismos
filtradores acumularam mais MPs que os de outros tipos de alimentação, mas todos podem
ser utilizados como sentinelas equivalentes da contaminação por MPs. Estudos futuros devem
empregar outros de organismos como sentinelas da contaminação assim como e outras
matrizes ambientais para monitoramento da contaminação por MPs nas perspectivas local e
global, utilizando os dados do presente estudo como base.
Microplastics (MPs) have dimensions between 1 µm and 5 mm, either produced in this size or resulting from the fragmentation of larger plastic utensils. In aquatic systems, MPs are currently ubiquitous due to their persistence and easy dispersion. Therefore, monitoring the occurrence and environmental distribution of MPs worldwide have been an effort from the international scientific community. In this sense, the selection of the most suitable environmental matrices for MPs monitoring still represents a methodological challenge to be overcome. Molluscs are widely distributed, abundant and easily collected organisms that have been frequently used as sentinels of aquatic contamination for several contaminants, including MPs. However, considering the predominant assimilation pathways, the diet of these organisms can influence the accumulation rates in their tissues and consequently produce distortions in the results obtained. Thus, the objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the MPs accumulation in mollusc species with different feeding habits, distributed along a contamination gradient in the Santos Estuarine System (SES). For this purpose, the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (filter feeder) and the gastropod species Lottia subrugosa (herbivore) and Stramonita brasiliensis (carnivore) were selected seeking to comparatively evaluate which is the best sentinel for this type of contamination in the region. The samples obtained, mainly from C. basiliana and S. brasiliensis, were adequate for the comparative evaluation of MPs levels along the proposed spatial gradient, considering the significant differences observed (p > 0.05) in the biometric parameters. However, MPs accumulation in all studied species was higher in S1 (2.10 to 8.9 items g⁻¹) and progressively lower in S2 and S3, reflecting a contamination gradient. In this sense, all species were equally capable to demonstrate the MPs contamination gradient in the SES. Filter feeders accumulated more MPs than other feed types, but all species can be used as equivalent sentinels of MPs contamination. Future studies should use other organisms as contamination sentinels as well as other environmental matrices to monitor contamination by MPs in the local and global perspectives, using the data from the present study as a basis.
Microplastics (MPs) have dimensions between 1 µm and 5 mm, either produced in this size or resulting from the fragmentation of larger plastic utensils. In aquatic systems, MPs are currently ubiquitous due to their persistence and easy dispersion. Therefore, monitoring the occurrence and environmental distribution of MPs worldwide have been an effort from the international scientific community. In this sense, the selection of the most suitable environmental matrices for MPs monitoring still represents a methodological challenge to be overcome. Molluscs are widely distributed, abundant and easily collected organisms that have been frequently used as sentinels of aquatic contamination for several contaminants, including MPs. However, considering the predominant assimilation pathways, the diet of these organisms can influence the accumulation rates in their tissues and consequently produce distortions in the results obtained. Thus, the objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the MPs accumulation in mollusc species with different feeding habits, distributed along a contamination gradient in the Santos Estuarine System (SES). For this purpose, the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (filter feeder) and the gastropod species Lottia subrugosa (herbivore) and Stramonita brasiliensis (carnivore) were selected seeking to comparatively evaluate which is the best sentinel for this type of contamination in the region. The samples obtained, mainly from C. basiliana and S. brasiliensis, were adequate for the comparative evaluation of MPs levels along the proposed spatial gradient, considering the significant differences observed (p > 0.05) in the biometric parameters. However, MPs accumulation in all studied species was higher in S1 (2.10 to 8.9 items g⁻¹) and progressively lower in S2 and S3, reflecting a contamination gradient. In this sense, all species were equally capable to demonstrate the MPs contamination gradient in the SES. Filter feeders accumulated more MPs than other feed types, but all species can be used as equivalent sentinels of MPs contamination. Future studies should use other organisms as contamination sentinels as well as other environmental matrices to monitor contamination by MPs in the local and global perspectives, using the data from the present study as a basis.
Descrição
Citação
SOARES, Thaiza Maria Avelino. Acumulação de microplásticos em moluscos habitantes de costões rochosos com diferentes hábitos alimentares. 2022. 31 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.