A antropologia filosófica no pensamento de Adam Smith
Arquivos
Data
2013-05
Autores
Aguiar, Alexandra Paulino de 
Orientadores
Nascimento, Rodnei
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como proposta explicitar a concepção da
natureza humana no pensamento de Adam Smith, isto é, buscar um
entendimento da antropologia filosófica no pensamento do filósofo e
economista moderno. Desse modo, será incorporado à discussão as principais
obras do autor: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Essays on Philosophical
Subjects, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,
Lectures on Jurisprudence e Lectures on Rethoric and Belles Lettres, para
aprofundar a tentativa de resposta do sistema moral de Smith. Entretanto,
destacamos a primeira obra, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, por
entendermos que esta obra estabelece os principais pressupostos da Filosofia
Moderna que se aproximam do entendimento da antropologia filosófica, e
também, por situar a discussão no cenário da "crise moral" dos séculos XVI e
XVII. Outra ressalva a fazer sobre a discussão compreende a leitura que
entendemos do método adotado por Smith, que se vale pela visão de sistema
filosófico do homem e sociedade de mercado. Por isso, momentaneamente
será abordado o tema com elementos que dialogam com outras obras do
pensador. Em outras palavras, entendemos que as relações que imantam a
escola filosófica escocesa do "senso moral", isto é, as condições que são
sinalizadas para a natureza humana sobre os sentimentos morais, são
proposições de um sistema filosófico moderno que se apresentam, mais
adiante, como ciência social e econômica. Para tanto, o alcance que se busca
neste trabalho compreende responder a seguinte questão: qual é o lugar no
pensamento de Smith para a Antropologia Filosófica? Neste sentido, o
método a ser adotado no estudo compreende analisar os pressupostos do
sistema moral do pensador, à luz do tempo lógico e temporal do que pode-se
nomear de "crise moderna moral". O estudo ainda sinaliza que a relação de
intersubjetividade existente na ordem social e econômica estão expressos pelos
sentimentos simpáticos - sentir com - que são sugeridos como resposta pelo
autor para a nova ordem social e econômica moderna, e, ao meu entender,
está situada no solo das regras gerais da moral. Diante deste contexto, nos faz
considerar que a simpatia é explicitada como causa (conveniência social e
econômica) e como efeito (aprovação e desaprovação moral).
The present work has the proposal of explaining the conception of the human nature according to the thought of Adam Smith, that is, to seek an understanding of the philosophical anthropology in the thinking of a modern philosopher and economist. In this way, the discussion will be incorporated with the main works of the author: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Lectures on Jurisprudence and Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Letters, to deepen the answering attempts of the moral system of Smith. However, we emphasize the first work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, for we understand that this work establishes the major assumptions of the Modern Philosophy that approach the understanding of the philosophical anthropology, and also, by situating the discussion into the scenario of the “moral crisis” that took place during the centuries of XVII and XVIII. Another observation to make on the discussion comprises the interpretation that we understand from the method adopted by Smith, who goes by the vision of man’s philosophical system and market society. So, for a moment, the theme will be addressed with elements that dialogue with other works of the thinker. In other words, we understand that the relations that magnetize the Scottish philosophical school of the “moral sense”, i.e., the conditions that are signaled to the human nature about the moral sentiments, are all propositions of a modern philosophical system that are presented, later, as social and economic science. For such, the reach searched in this work intends to answer the following question: what is the place in the thinking of Smith for the Philosophical Anthropology? In this sense, the method to be adopted in the study intends to examine the assumptions of the moral system of the thinker, in the light of the logical and temporal time of what can be called as “modern moral crisis”. The study still signs that the existing inter-subjectivity relation in the social and economic order is expressed by the sympathetic feelings – to feel with – that are suggested as an answer by the author to the new modern social and economic order and, to my understanding, is situated on the ground of the general rules of moral. With this said, we consider that sympathy is explicated as cause (social and economic convenience) and as effect (moral approval and disapproval).
The present work has the proposal of explaining the conception of the human nature according to the thought of Adam Smith, that is, to seek an understanding of the philosophical anthropology in the thinking of a modern philosopher and economist. In this way, the discussion will be incorporated with the main works of the author: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Lectures on Jurisprudence and Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Letters, to deepen the answering attempts of the moral system of Smith. However, we emphasize the first work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, for we understand that this work establishes the major assumptions of the Modern Philosophy that approach the understanding of the philosophical anthropology, and also, by situating the discussion into the scenario of the “moral crisis” that took place during the centuries of XVII and XVIII. Another observation to make on the discussion comprises the interpretation that we understand from the method adopted by Smith, who goes by the vision of man’s philosophical system and market society. So, for a moment, the theme will be addressed with elements that dialogue with other works of the thinker. In other words, we understand that the relations that magnetize the Scottish philosophical school of the “moral sense”, i.e., the conditions that are signaled to the human nature about the moral sentiments, are all propositions of a modern philosophical system that are presented, later, as social and economic science. For such, the reach searched in this work intends to answer the following question: what is the place in the thinking of Smith for the Philosophical Anthropology? In this sense, the method to be adopted in the study intends to examine the assumptions of the moral system of the thinker, in the light of the logical and temporal time of what can be called as “modern moral crisis”. The study still signs that the existing inter-subjectivity relation in the social and economic order is expressed by the sympathetic feelings – to feel with – that are suggested as an answer by the author to the new modern social and economic order and, to my understanding, is situated on the ground of the general rules of moral. With this said, we consider that sympathy is explicated as cause (social and economic convenience) and as effect (moral approval and disapproval).
Descrição
Citação
AGUIAR, Alexandra Paulino de. A antropologia filosófica no pensamento de Adam Smith. 2013. 181 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Filosofia) – Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Guarulhos, 2013.