Entre redes e resíduos: o lixo no mar e seus impactos socioambientais para a pesca artesanal
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Data
2024-03-26
Autores
Guerrato, Nicole Russo [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Torres, Leandra Regina Gonçalves [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
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Resumo
O lixo no mar é um problema transfronteiriço, global e de grande visibilidade nos tempos atuais. Para além do debate sobre o impacto do lixo no mar e na biodiversidade, a quantidade de lixo nas redes de pesca se transforma em um problema socioambiental e prejudica o modo de vida dos pescadores artesanais. Os resíduos danificam as redes e as hélices, comprometem a qualidade dos pescados e intensificam o esforço necessário para a pesca. Neste contexto, o presente estudo visa compreender o estado da arte do impacto socioambiental do lixo no mar, com foco na pesca artesanal. A revisão sistemática da literatura revela uma lacuna significativa de pesquisas que analisam o impacto sob uma ótica socioambiental, ressaltando a importância de preencher essa lacuna para embasar políticas públicas mais eficazes em prol de um ambiente marinho limpo e saudável. Entrevistas com os pescadores artesanais de Bertioga e monitoramento de resíduos sólidos durante a área de desembarque pesqueiro revelaram que os pescadores reconhecem o lixo no mar como uma ameaça, destacando a responsabilidade do poder público e da autorresponsabilidade para mitigar o problema. A retirada de 569,34 kg de lixo das redes de arrasto, com predominância de plásticos, ressalta a urgência no combate à poluição plástica marinha, enfatizando o papel ativo dos pescadores. Dentre os resíduos plásticos mais encontrados, destacou-se o plástico de uso único. A identificação de resíduos de marcas conhecidas aponta para a responsabilidade das indústrias na gestão sustentável, enfatizando a necessidade de uma governança abrangente. Para os pescadores, o lixo no mar não representa apenas uma preocupação ambiental, mas também prejuízos financeiros, destacando a importância de abordagens integradas para preservar os ecossistemas marinhos e sustentar as comunidades costeiras. A solução passa pela integração de diversos atores, governança multinível e abordagens transdisciplinares na formulação de políticas públicas.
Marine litter sea is a cross-border, global problem with high visibility in current times. Beyond the debate about the impact of marine litter on biodiversity, the amount of waste in fishing nets becomes a socio-environmental issue and harms the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen. The litter damages the nets and propellers, compromises the quality of the catch, and increases the effort required for fishing. In this context, this study aims to understand the state of the art of the socio-environmental impact of marine litter, with a focus on artisanal fishing. A systematic literature review reveals a significant research gap analyzing the impact from a socio-environmental perspective, emphasizing the importance of filling this gap to support more effective public policies for a clean and healthy marine environment. Interviews with artisanal fisherman and monitoring of solid waste during the fishing landing area revealed that fishermen recognize marine litter as a threat, highlighting the responsibility of the government and self-responsibility to mitigate the problem. The removal of 569.34 kg of litter from nets, mainly plastics, underscores the urgency in combating marine plastic pollution, emphasizing the active role of fishermen. Among the most found plastic waste, single-use plastic stood out. The identification of waste from recognized brands points to the responsibility of industries in sustainable management, emphasizing the need for comprehensive governance. For fishermen, marine litter represents not only an environmental concern but also financial losses, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches to preserve marine ecosystems and sustain coastal communities. The solution requires the integration of various actors, multi-level governance, and transdisciplinary approaches in formulating public policies.
Marine litter sea is a cross-border, global problem with high visibility in current times. Beyond the debate about the impact of marine litter on biodiversity, the amount of waste in fishing nets becomes a socio-environmental issue and harms the livelihoods of artisanal fishermen. The litter damages the nets and propellers, compromises the quality of the catch, and increases the effort required for fishing. In this context, this study aims to understand the state of the art of the socio-environmental impact of marine litter, with a focus on artisanal fishing. A systematic literature review reveals a significant research gap analyzing the impact from a socio-environmental perspective, emphasizing the importance of filling this gap to support more effective public policies for a clean and healthy marine environment. Interviews with artisanal fisherman and monitoring of solid waste during the fishing landing area revealed that fishermen recognize marine litter as a threat, highlighting the responsibility of the government and self-responsibility to mitigate the problem. The removal of 569.34 kg of litter from nets, mainly plastics, underscores the urgency in combating marine plastic pollution, emphasizing the active role of fishermen. Among the most found plastic waste, single-use plastic stood out. The identification of waste from recognized brands points to the responsibility of industries in sustainable management, emphasizing the need for comprehensive governance. For fishermen, marine litter represents not only an environmental concern but also financial losses, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches to preserve marine ecosystems and sustain coastal communities. The solution requires the integration of various actors, multi-level governance, and transdisciplinary approaches in formulating public policies.
Descrição
Citação
GUERRATO, Nicole Russo. Entre redes e resíduos: O lixo no mar e seus impactos socioambientais para a pesca artesanal. 2024. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia do Mar) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2024.