O sonhar dos jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social no contexto político brasileiro contemporâneo
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Granello, Caio Francisco Garrido 
Garrido, Caio
Orientadores
Imbrizi, Jaquelina Maria
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O método psicanalítico de investigação do Inconsciente, e sua perspectiva clínica e de cuidado, tem na teoria do sonho o principal meio de acesso aos sentidos profundos dos indivíduos em determinada sociedade e tempo. À grande descoberta do Inconsciente se associou a invenção do método de interpretação dos sonhos, que de certa forma inaugura a potência da Psicanálise em 1900. Aqueles tempos de ciência positivista – ciência da qual Freud era tributário – apontavam para a promessa de um ser humano em busca de mais civilidade e ampliação de seus sentidos e colocação na cultura, esperando-se que pelo conhecimento científico e um crescente afastamento de um discurso religioso, o ser humano pudesse ficar dotado de mais domínio de suas faculdades, e de suas competências conciliadoras. Ao mesmo tempo em que Freud apontava que o Eu não era senhor em sua própria casa e já fizesse a crítica à ideia de progresso em seu clássico texto “O mal-estar na cultura”. O que se viu de lá para cá é a luta entre as pulsões de vida e de morte, com a ascensão da última. O propósito desta pesquisa foi coletar e investigar o que os jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social – que frequentam o Cursinho Cardume do Campus Baixada Santista da Unifesp – têm sonhado (sonhos noturnos) e o concomitante potencial de elaboração psíquica em suas produções oníricas. Tivemos como objetivos nesta pesquisa os de observar a existência de sonhos que revelam elementos do contexto sociopolítico, averiguar se a perda da esperança está presente nos sonhos, investigar as funções do sonho, se seria a de manter o sujeito dormindo e realizando desejos e/ou se seria a de fazer o sonhante despertar para sua realidade socioeconômica e cultural. A escolha teórica para abordar os sonhos partiu da concepção freudiana, integrada às críticas e desenvolvimentos posteriores, dando voz aos analistas, intelectuais e teóricos, tais como Ferenczi, Lacan, Bion, Winnicott e Beradt, cujos pensamentos delinearam uma visão mais ampla e aprofundada do fenômeno onírico, em que a função passa a ter, além da realização de desejos, uma função restauradora do sujeito, permitindo um melhor uso dos sonhos, incluindo a elaboração de questões de ordem traumática. Para Ferenczi, por exemplo, os restos diurnos deixam de ser coadjuvantes e passam a ter protagonismo no mecanismo de formação dos sonhos, assim como para sua interpretação, dado que tais “restos” são considerados por ele, substancialmente, como “impressões sensíveis traumáticas”, que buscam acesso ao consciente para a resolução e elaboração psíquica. O que provocou e permitiu pensarmos mais profundamente sobre essa função traumatolítica do sonho na relação com as catástrofes. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa-intervenção e de abordagem psicanalítica. O material coletado foi registrado pelo pesquisador em diários de campo. A partir da análise dos sonhos, houve algumas conclusões, baseadas no fato de que os relatos dos sonhos e suas respectivas associações indicaram uma posição ambivalente e melancólica dos jovens diante do futuro (bem como a “melancolização do laço social”), produzido pelo contexto histórico de ascensão da extrema direita no Brasil, mas ao mesmo tempo com certa esperança e confiança preservadas nos jovens. A presença de uma instituição – no caso o cursinho Cardume – que acolhe e acredita em seus desejos, sonhos e potenciais é determinante para a consecução desses planos. Essa é uma questão política evidente, de reconhecimento fundamental desses sujeitos, o que é o “avesso do desmentido”, do descrédito, da desconsideração, do trauma e do desamparo, no contexto de uma sociedade capitalista e neoliberal. A falta de “horizontes de expectativa” por parte das sonhantes, potencialmente afetadas também pelo contexto pandêmico que vivemos (a pandemia se revelou muito nos sonhos delas), assim como pelo contexto político opressor, ora parece ter atingido de forma mais intensa os sonhos como projeto de vida, a esperança e a confiança, e ora não. A resultante desta equação depende do que foi conquistado a partir da relação inicial desses sujeitos com as pessoas de confiança de sua história (mãe, pai, avós) na relação com a história social mais ampla, mas muito mais e principalmente a partir do ambiente maior que é aquele que seria o oferecido em determinado contexto sociopolítico e econômico, pelos agentes públicos que teriam o potencial de amparar os sujeitos e promover e propiciar às juventudes um ambiente democrático para se viver, com os direitos sociais e humanos minimamente garantidos e respaldados.
The psychoanalytic method of investigation of the Unconscious, and its clinical and care perspective, has in the dream theory the main means of access to the deep meanings of individuals in a given society and time. The invention of the method of dream interpretation was associated with the great discovery of the Unconscious, which in a certain way inaugurated the power of Psychoanalysis in 1900. These times of positivist science – a science to which Freud was tributary – pointed to the promise of a human being in search of greater civility and an expansion of their senses and placement in culture, in the hope that through scientific knowledge and a growing distance from a religious discourse, human beings could be endowed with more mastery of their faculties and their conciliatory skills. At the same time that Freud was pointing out that the ego is not master in its own house, he was already criticizing the idea of progress in his classic text “Civilization and its Discontents.” Since then, the struggle between the life drive and death drive has been observed, with the latter gaining importance. The purpose of this research was to collect and investigate the dreams (night dreams) of young people in socially vulnerable conditions who attend the Cursinho Cardume at the Baixada Santista Campus of Unifesp, and the concomitant potential for psychic elaboration of their dream productions. The objectives of this research were to observe the existence of dreams that reveal elements of the socio-political context, to find out if the loss of hope is present in dreams, to investigate the functions of dreams, whether it is to keep the subject asleep and fulfill desires and/or whether it is to awaken the dreamer to his socio-economic and cultural reality. The theoretical decision to approach dreams departed from the Freudian conception, integrated with later critiques and developments, giving voice to analysts, intellectuals and theorists, such as Ferenczi, Lacan, Bion, Winnicott and Beradt, whose thoughts outlined a broader and deeper view of the dream. Oneiric phenomenon, in which the function starts to have a restorative function of the subject, in addition to the fulfillment of desires, allowing a better use of dreams, including the processing of traumatic issues. For Ferenczi, for example, the residues of the day are no longer supportive and start to play a leading role in the mechanism of dream formation, as well as in dream interpretation, considering such “residues” essentially as “traumatic sensitive impressions” that seek access to the consciousness for psychic resolution and processing. This has prompted and allowed us to think more deeply about this traumatolytic function of dreams in the context of catastrophes. The research was qualitative, of the research-intervention type and with a psychoanalytic approach. The material collected was recorded by the researcher in field diaries. From the analysis of dreams, some conclusions emerged, based on the fact that the dream reports and their respective associations indicated an ambivalent and melancholic attitude of the young people towards the future (as well as the “melancholy of the social bond”), produced by the historical context of the rise of the extreme right in Brazil, but at the same time preserving a certain level of hope and confidence in the young people. The presence of an institution – in this case, the Cardume course – that welcomes and believes in their desires, dreams and potential is crucial to the achievement of these plans. This is an evident political question, a question of fundamental recognition of these subjects, which is the “opposite of denial”, of discrediting, disregard, trauma and helplessness, in the context of a capitalist and neoliberal society. The lack of “expectation horizons” on the part of the dreamers, possibly also influenced by the pandemic context we are experiencing (the pandemic showed very often in their dreams), as well as by the repressive political context, now seems to hit dreams as a life project, hope and trust more, and sometimes not. The result of this equation depends on what has been achieved from the initial relationship of these subjects with the trusted people of their history (mother, father, grandparents) in relation to the broader social history, but much more and mainly from the larger environment that would be offered in a given socio-political and economic context by public actors that would have the potential to support the subjects and provide the young people with a democratic environment to live in, where social and human rights are minimally guaranteed and supported.
The psychoanalytic method of investigation of the Unconscious, and its clinical and care perspective, has in the dream theory the main means of access to the deep meanings of individuals in a given society and time. The invention of the method of dream interpretation was associated with the great discovery of the Unconscious, which in a certain way inaugurated the power of Psychoanalysis in 1900. These times of positivist science – a science to which Freud was tributary – pointed to the promise of a human being in search of greater civility and an expansion of their senses and placement in culture, in the hope that through scientific knowledge and a growing distance from a religious discourse, human beings could be endowed with more mastery of their faculties and their conciliatory skills. At the same time that Freud was pointing out that the ego is not master in its own house, he was already criticizing the idea of progress in his classic text “Civilization and its Discontents.” Since then, the struggle between the life drive and death drive has been observed, with the latter gaining importance. The purpose of this research was to collect and investigate the dreams (night dreams) of young people in socially vulnerable conditions who attend the Cursinho Cardume at the Baixada Santista Campus of Unifesp, and the concomitant potential for psychic elaboration of their dream productions. The objectives of this research were to observe the existence of dreams that reveal elements of the socio-political context, to find out if the loss of hope is present in dreams, to investigate the functions of dreams, whether it is to keep the subject asleep and fulfill desires and/or whether it is to awaken the dreamer to his socio-economic and cultural reality. The theoretical decision to approach dreams departed from the Freudian conception, integrated with later critiques and developments, giving voice to analysts, intellectuals and theorists, such as Ferenczi, Lacan, Bion, Winnicott and Beradt, whose thoughts outlined a broader and deeper view of the dream. Oneiric phenomenon, in which the function starts to have a restorative function of the subject, in addition to the fulfillment of desires, allowing a better use of dreams, including the processing of traumatic issues. For Ferenczi, for example, the residues of the day are no longer supportive and start to play a leading role in the mechanism of dream formation, as well as in dream interpretation, considering such “residues” essentially as “traumatic sensitive impressions” that seek access to the consciousness for psychic resolution and processing. This has prompted and allowed us to think more deeply about this traumatolytic function of dreams in the context of catastrophes. The research was qualitative, of the research-intervention type and with a psychoanalytic approach. The material collected was recorded by the researcher in field diaries. From the analysis of dreams, some conclusions emerged, based on the fact that the dream reports and their respective associations indicated an ambivalent and melancholic attitude of the young people towards the future (as well as the “melancholy of the social bond”), produced by the historical context of the rise of the extreme right in Brazil, but at the same time preserving a certain level of hope and confidence in the young people. The presence of an institution – in this case, the Cardume course – that welcomes and believes in their desires, dreams and potential is crucial to the achievement of these plans. This is an evident political question, a question of fundamental recognition of these subjects, which is the “opposite of denial”, of discrediting, disregard, trauma and helplessness, in the context of a capitalist and neoliberal society. The lack of “expectation horizons” on the part of the dreamers, possibly also influenced by the pandemic context we are experiencing (the pandemic showed very often in their dreams), as well as by the repressive political context, now seems to hit dreams as a life project, hope and trust more, and sometimes not. The result of this equation depends on what has been achieved from the initial relationship of these subjects with the trusted people of their history (mother, father, grandparents) in relation to the broader social history, but much more and mainly from the larger environment that would be offered in a given socio-political and economic context by public actors that would have the potential to support the subjects and provide the young people with a democratic environment to live in, where social and human rights are minimally guaranteed and supported.
Descrição
Citação
GARRIDO, Caio. O sonhar dos jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social no contexto político brasileiro contemporâneo. 2022. 258 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.