Uma atividade prática sobre osmose em um projeto de extensão universitária e suas contribuições para o ensino
Data
2022-01-25
Autores
Souza, Thamires Gomes de 
Orientadores
Gouw, Ana Maria Santos
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O ensino de citologia está voltado para o entendimento das células e dos fenômenos que
ocorrem tanto em seu interior quanto em seu exterior, mas por ser algo invisível a olho nu,
carece de grande capacidade de abstração, causando dificuldades tanto no ensino como na
aprendizagem. Com isso, contextualizar os conteúdos vem sendo uma preocupação nos
documentos normativos da educação e também abre possibilidades para novas metodologias,
como o ensino por investigação, permitindo um maior envolvimento dos estudantes. O
objetivo deste trabalho foi o de aplicar uma atividade experimental sobre osmose, dentro do
programa de extensão “Cientista por um Dia", avaliar as contribuições para o ensino de
biologia e analisar a potencialidade das atividades investigativas sobre osmose abordando
questões cotidianas. A atividade não pôde ser desenvolvida no laboratório da Universidade
Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), campus Diadema, por conta da atual pandemia de
Covid-19, sendo adaptada e aplicada na própria escola onde os alunos estudam. O tema
escolhido é abordado no ensino médio, dentro da área de biologia celular e muitas vezes de
forma tradicional, apenas com a utilização de livros didáticos e imagens estáticas, que não
refletem o dinamismo que ocorre no mundo microscópico. A prática foi pensada para que os
estudantes investigassem o fenômeno da osmose acontecendo de forma mais aparente, com a
observação do experimento, montado por eles próprios e assim, discutidos juntamente com
questões cotidianas. No caso deste trabalho, como a osmose pode ser visualizada na
conservação de alimentos. Para a coleta dos dados, os participantes da pesquisa responderam
a um pré-teste, referente aos conhecimentos prévios e também a gravação do áudio da
interação dos alunos durante as observações e discussões sobre o experimento. Para a análise,
as respostas do pré-teste foram categorizadas e enumeradas e os áudios analisados em recortes
de pontos importantes da prática e concluiu-se que a atividade contribuiu para a aprendizagem
dos alunos em sala de aula, pois observou-se a participação dos alunos, abrindo espaço para
discussões e formulação de hipóteses para a explicação do que se observava e resolução das
questões propostas. Aplicada em um sequência didática maior, pode-se fazer correlações com
outras disciplinas, como a química, no estudo das soluções. Mesmo que não tenha sido
possível levar os alunos até o laboratório da UNIFESP, a relação entre universidade e
comunidade foi levada para dentro da sala de aula.
Cytology teaching is focused on the understanding of the cells and the phenomenon that occurs both in its interior and exterior, but because it is invisible to the naked eye, it lacks great abstraction capacity, causing difficulties both in teaching and learning. Thereby, contextualizing the contents has been a concern in the normative documents of education and it also opens up possibilities for new methodologies, such as teaching by inquiry, allowing a greater engagement of the students. This paper's goal was to apply an experimental activity about osmosis, within the outreach program “Cientista por um Dia", evaluate the contributions to the teaching of biology and analyze the potential of inquiry activities on osmosis addressing everyday issues. The activity could not be carried out in the laboratory of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema campus, due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, being adapted and applied in the actual school where the students go to. The chosen theme is covered in high school, within the cell biology area and often in the traditional way, only with the use of textbooks and static images, which do not reflect the dynamism that occurs in the microscopic world. The practice was designed so that students could investigate the phenomenon of osmosis happening in a more apparent way, with the observation of the experiment, set up by themselves and thus, discussed along with everyday issues. In the case of this paper, as osmosis can be viewed in food conservation, for data collection, the research participants answered a pretest, referring to prior knowledge and also the audio recording of students’ interaction during observations and discussions about the experiment. For analysis, the answers of the pretest were categorized and enumerated and the audios analyzed as clippings of important points of practice and it was concluded that the activity contributed for the learning of the students in the classroom, as the students’ participation was observed, opening a space for discussions and formulation of hypothesis for the explanation of what was being observed and resolution of proposed questions. Applied in a larger didactic sequence, correlations with other subjects can be made, such as chemistry, in the study of solutions. Even though it was not possible to take the students to the laboratory of UNIFESP, the relationship between university and community was taken inside the classroom.
Cytology teaching is focused on the understanding of the cells and the phenomenon that occurs both in its interior and exterior, but because it is invisible to the naked eye, it lacks great abstraction capacity, causing difficulties both in teaching and learning. Thereby, contextualizing the contents has been a concern in the normative documents of education and it also opens up possibilities for new methodologies, such as teaching by inquiry, allowing a greater engagement of the students. This paper's goal was to apply an experimental activity about osmosis, within the outreach program “Cientista por um Dia", evaluate the contributions to the teaching of biology and analyze the potential of inquiry activities on osmosis addressing everyday issues. The activity could not be carried out in the laboratory of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema campus, due to the current pandemic of COVID-19, being adapted and applied in the actual school where the students go to. The chosen theme is covered in high school, within the cell biology area and often in the traditional way, only with the use of textbooks and static images, which do not reflect the dynamism that occurs in the microscopic world. The practice was designed so that students could investigate the phenomenon of osmosis happening in a more apparent way, with the observation of the experiment, set up by themselves and thus, discussed along with everyday issues. In the case of this paper, as osmosis can be viewed in food conservation, for data collection, the research participants answered a pretest, referring to prior knowledge and also the audio recording of students’ interaction during observations and discussions about the experiment. For analysis, the answers of the pretest were categorized and enumerated and the audios analyzed as clippings of important points of practice and it was concluded that the activity contributed for the learning of the students in the classroom, as the students’ participation was observed, opening a space for discussions and formulation of hypothesis for the explanation of what was being observed and resolution of proposed questions. Applied in a larger didactic sequence, correlations with other subjects can be made, such as chemistry, in the study of solutions. Even though it was not possible to take the students to the laboratory of UNIFESP, the relationship between university and community was taken inside the classroom.