Percepção pública da ciência de alunos recém ingressantes em uma universidade brasileira
Data
2024-09-05
Autores
Lúcio , Felipe Almeida 
Orientadores
Aleme, Helga Gabriela
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A ciência é um dos pilares para o desenvolvimento da sociedade nas mais diversas áreas, por isso, conhecer a percepção da ciência de determinada parcela da população pode contribuir para a correção de erros conceituais muitas vezes oriundo do senso comum. Este tipo de estudo pode também contribuir para a melhoria das aulas de ciência, além de poder estimular o interesse dos jovens e adolescentes em carreias cientificas. Neste contexto, a finalidade desta pesquisa foi conhecer a percepção pública da ciência de uma população específica: recém integrantes de uma universidade pública brasileira. Este público possui certa afinidade sobre assunto pois foram aprovados para cursos que envolvem conhecimento de Ciências. A metodologia utilizada para o levantamento de dados foram questionários do tipo survey, onde as questões envolveram temas como visões de Ciências, minhas aulas de Ciências, autoeficácia, credibilidade em C&T, curso, sexo e renda. A partir da coleta, os dados obtidos foram analisados usando ferramentas estatísticas como Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para redução dimensional das variáveis, alpha de Cronbach para avaliar o grau de fiabilidade dos resultados. Outras análises envolveram relações bivariadas, regressões lineares e múltiplas e, por fim, a análise de moderação entre os índices obtidos. Diante desse cenário, o trabalho trouxe correlações de modelos de moderação, exemplificando situações de como as aulas de ciência contribuem para o olhar crítico do aluno, melhorando sua relação com o meio ambiente e estimulando os jovens para o seguimento em profissões da área científica. Além de contrastar os resultados da pesquisa de percepção pública com a realidade socioeconômicas dos entrevistados, que se mostrou ser um fator determinante diante dos resultados obtidos. Com isso, o presente trabalho trata de temas como a importância das pesquisas de percepção pública no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas, no aperfeiçoamento das aulas de ciências ofertadas para os alunos a nível de ensino fundamental e médio, além relacionar fatores que podem contribuir para o maior interesse dos jovens pelas carreiras cientificas.
Science is one of the pillars for the development of society in the most diverse areas, therefore, knowing the perception of science by a certain portion of the population can contribute to correcting conceptual errors that often arise from common sense. This type of study can also contribute to the improvement of science classes, in addition to stimulating the interest of young people and adolescents in scientific careers. In this context, the purpose of this research was to understand the public perception of science among a specific population: incoming students of Brazilian university. This audience has a certain affinity on the subject as they were approved for courses that involve knowledge of science. The methodology used to collect data were survey questionnaires, where the questions involved topics such as views of science, my science classes, self- efficacy, credibility in S&T, course, gender and income. After collection, the data obtained was analyzed using statistical tools such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensional reduction of variables, Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the degree of reliability of the results. Other analyzes involved bivariate relationships, linear and multiple regressions and, finally, the analysis of moderation between the indices obtained. Given this scenario, the work brought correlations of moderation models, exemplifying situations of how science classes contribute to the student's critical outlook, improving their relationship with the environment and encouraging young people to pursue professions in the scientific field. In addition to contrasting the results of the public perception survey with the socioeconomic reality of the interviewees, which proved to be a determining factor in the results obtained. Therefore, this work deals with topics such as the importance of public perception research in the development of public policies, in the improvement of science classes offered to students at primary and secondary school level, in addition to relating factors that can contribute to greater young people's interest in scientific careers.
Science is one of the pillars for the development of society in the most diverse areas, therefore, knowing the perception of science by a certain portion of the population can contribute to correcting conceptual errors that often arise from common sense. This type of study can also contribute to the improvement of science classes, in addition to stimulating the interest of young people and adolescents in scientific careers. In this context, the purpose of this research was to understand the public perception of science among a specific population: incoming students of Brazilian university. This audience has a certain affinity on the subject as they were approved for courses that involve knowledge of science. The methodology used to collect data were survey questionnaires, where the questions involved topics such as views of science, my science classes, self- efficacy, credibility in S&T, course, gender and income. After collection, the data obtained was analyzed using statistical tools such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensional reduction of variables, Cronbach's alpha to evaluate the degree of reliability of the results. Other analyzes involved bivariate relationships, linear and multiple regressions and, finally, the analysis of moderation between the indices obtained. Given this scenario, the work brought correlations of moderation models, exemplifying situations of how science classes contribute to the student's critical outlook, improving their relationship with the environment and encouraging young people to pursue professions in the scientific field. In addition to contrasting the results of the public perception survey with the socioeconomic reality of the interviewees, which proved to be a determining factor in the results obtained. Therefore, this work deals with topics such as the importance of public perception research in the development of public policies, in the improvement of science classes offered to students at primary and secondary school level, in addition to relating factors that can contribute to greater young people's interest in scientific careers.