Efeitos da fotobiomodulação associada a compósitos de espongina extraídas de esponjas marinhas e BIOSILICATO® durante o processo de reparo ósseo
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Data
2019-11-25
Autores
Vale, Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do 
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
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Fraturas que acometem o sistema ósseo vêm aumentando significativamente, relacionando- se a um elevado custo socioeconômico e altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. Nesse contexto, a engenharia do tecido ósseo vem desenvolvendo novos biomateriais e recursos terapêuticos para aperfeiçoar o reparo ósseo. Dentre os métodos de tratamento destaca-se o uso da fotobiomodulação (PBM) associada à utilização de biomateriais. Além disso, o ecossistema marinho é um ambiente amplamente rico para o fornecimento de matéria prima para desenvolver produtos biotecnológicos a serem utilizados no reparo ósseo. Um dos organismos marinhos alvo são as esponjas marinhas, que possuem em seu esqueleto um componente orgânico, nomeada de espongina (SPG), que apresenta propriedades em potencial para otimizar o reparo ósseo. Ainda, o Biosilicato (BS) é uma vitrocerâmica que apresenta resultados efetivos e promissores durante o processo de reparo ósseo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar através de testes in vivo os efeitos da PBM associado ou não a compósitos de BS/SPG no reparo de defeitos ósseos induzidos na calota craniana de ratos. Para isso, foram utilizados 48 ratos Wistar submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico para realização do defeito ósseo, distribuídos em 3 grupos experimentais: Grupo CG: os animais foram submetidos ao defeito ósseo, não receberam nenhum tipo de tratamento; Grupo BS/SPG: os animais foram submetidos ao defeito ósseo e receberam o implante de Biosilicato®/Espongina; Grupo BS/SPG + PBM: os animais foram submetidos ao defeito ósseo, receberam o implante de Biosilicato®/Espongina e também ao tratamento com fotobiomodulação. Os parâmetros utilizados na fotobiomodulação foram: 808 nm; 30 mW; 1,07 W/cm2; 30 J/cm2 e 28 segundos. Ainda, os animais foram eutanasiados 15 e 45 após o procedimento cirúrgico. Foram realizadas as análises de histopatologia, morfometria e imunoistoquímica. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que os animais BS/SPG + PBM após 15 dias da cirurgia apresentaram uma degradação inicial do material do material, ainda a presença de osso neoformado nas periferias do defeito foi observada, da mesma maneira que os animais do grupo BS/SPG. Após 45 dias da cirurgia para os grupos BS/SPG e BS/SPG + PBM observou-se a presença de osso neoformado em toda a extensão do defeito e foi evidenciado uma maior degradação do biomaterial, com a presença de poucas partículas de material remanescentes, circundadas por porções de osteóides. Na análise histomorfométrica valores elevados de volume ósseo como porcentagem do volume tecidual (BV/TV (%)) no período inicial da regeneração óssea foi encontrado no grupo BS/SPG + PBM, quando comparados aos demais grupos. Ainda, para o volume osteóide como porcentagem do volume tecidual (OV/TV (%)) e espessura de osteóide (O.Th (µm)), valores mais altos foram observados no grupo BS/SPG + PBM, nos períodos analisados. A análise imunohistoquímica demonstrou maior marcação imunohistoquímica para TGF-β e VEGF nos animais tratados com PBM.Pode-se concluir que o estímulo fornecido pelo PBM associado ao compósito de BS/SPG aumentou a formação óssea no defeito ósseo craniano em ratos. No entanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados para fornecer informações adicionais a respeito da degradação do material e a regeneração óssea a longo prazo.
Fractures that affect the bone system have been increasing significantly, related to a high socioeconomic cost and high morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, bone tissue engineering has been developing new biomaterials and therapeutic resources to improve bone fracture repair. Among the treatment methods is the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) associated with the use of biomaterials. In addition, the marine ecosystem is a broadly rich environment for the supply of raw materials to develop biotechnology products for use in bone repair. One of the target marine organisms is the marine sponges, which have in their skeleton an organic component, called spongin (SPG), which has potential properties to optimize bone repair. Also, Biosilicate (BS) is a glass ceramic that presents effective and promising results during the bone repair process. Thus, the objective of this project was to evaluate through in vivo tests the effects of PBM associated or not with BS / SPG composites on the repair of bone defects induced in the skullcap of rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats were submitted to the surgical procedure to perform the bone defect, distributed into 3 experimental groups: CG Group: the animals underwent bone defect, received no treatment; BS/SPG group: the animals underwent bone defect and received the Biosilicate/Spongin implant; Group BS/SPG + PBM: the animals underwent bone defect, received the Biosilicate/Spongin implant and also the treatment with photobiomodulation. The parameters used in photobiomodulation were: 808 nm; 30 mW; 1.07 W/cm2; 30 J/cm2 and 28 seconds. In addition, the animals were euthanized 15 and 45 after the surgical procedure. Histopathology, morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyzes were performed. Histopathological analysis showed that BS/SPG + PBM animals after 15 days of surgery showed an initial degradation of the material of the material, yet the presence of newly formed bone in the defect peripheries was observed, just as the animals of the BS / SPG group. . After 45 days of surgery for the BS/SPG and BS/SPG + PBM groups, the presence of newly formed bone was observed throughout the defect and a greater degradation of the biomaterial was evidenced, with the presence of few remaining particles of material surrounded by portions of osteoid. In the histomorphometric analysis, high BV/TV values (%) in the initial period of bone regeneration were found in the BS/SPG + PBM group when compared to the other groups. In addition, for OV/TV (%) and O.Th (μm), higher values were observed in the BS/SPG + PBM group in the analyzed periods.Immunohistochemical analysis showed greater immunological labeling for TGF-βand VEGF in PBM-treated animals. It can be concluded that the stimulation provided by PBM associated with BS / SPG composite increased bone formation in cranial bone defect in rats. However, further studies should be performed to provide additional information regarding material degradation and long-term bone regeneration
Fractures that affect the bone system have been increasing significantly, related to a high socioeconomic cost and high morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, bone tissue engineering has been developing new biomaterials and therapeutic resources to improve bone fracture repair. Among the treatment methods is the use of photobiomodulation (PBM) associated with the use of biomaterials. In addition, the marine ecosystem is a broadly rich environment for the supply of raw materials to develop biotechnology products for use in bone repair. One of the target marine organisms is the marine sponges, which have in their skeleton an organic component, called spongin (SPG), which has potential properties to optimize bone repair. Also, Biosilicate (BS) is a glass ceramic that presents effective and promising results during the bone repair process. Thus, the objective of this project was to evaluate through in vivo tests the effects of PBM associated or not with BS / SPG composites on the repair of bone defects induced in the skullcap of rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats were submitted to the surgical procedure to perform the bone defect, distributed into 3 experimental groups: CG Group: the animals underwent bone defect, received no treatment; BS/SPG group: the animals underwent bone defect and received the Biosilicate/Spongin implant; Group BS/SPG + PBM: the animals underwent bone defect, received the Biosilicate/Spongin implant and also the treatment with photobiomodulation. The parameters used in photobiomodulation were: 808 nm; 30 mW; 1.07 W/cm2; 30 J/cm2 and 28 seconds. In addition, the animals were euthanized 15 and 45 after the surgical procedure. Histopathology, morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyzes were performed. Histopathological analysis showed that BS/SPG + PBM animals after 15 days of surgery showed an initial degradation of the material of the material, yet the presence of newly formed bone in the defect peripheries was observed, just as the animals of the BS / SPG group. . After 45 days of surgery for the BS/SPG and BS/SPG + PBM groups, the presence of newly formed bone was observed throughout the defect and a greater degradation of the biomaterial was evidenced, with the presence of few remaining particles of material surrounded by portions of osteoid. In the histomorphometric analysis, high BV/TV values (%) in the initial period of bone regeneration were found in the BS/SPG + PBM group when compared to the other groups. In addition, for OV/TV (%) and O.Th (μm), higher values were observed in the BS/SPG + PBM group in the analyzed periods.Immunohistochemical analysis showed greater immunological labeling for TGF-βand VEGF in PBM-treated animals. It can be concluded that the stimulation provided by PBM associated with BS / SPG composite increased bone formation in cranial bone defect in rats. However, further studies should be performed to provide additional information regarding material degradation and long-term bone regeneration
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Citação
VALE, Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do. Efeitos da fotobiomodulação associada a compósitos de espongina extraídas de esponjas marinhas e BIOSILICATO® durante o processo de reparo ósseo. 2019. 46 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Fisioterapia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade (ISS), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, 2019.