Pandemia de Covid-19: o "nós por nós" na favela Colinas D'Oeste em 2022
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Data
2024-02-22
Autores
Santos, Micaelli Lobo dos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Souza, Luciana Rosa de [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
O Brasil apresenta altas taxas de pobreza e ampla desigualdade na distribuição de renda, traços que implicam na dificuldade de acesso de grande parte da população aos direitos essenciais básicos da vida humana. A condição de vulnerabilidade social de um indivíduo pobre está relacionada à miséria estrutural que em momentos de crise econômica leva o ser humano ao desemprego ou subemprego. Nesse contexto, a pandemia da Covid-19 provocou efeitos severos na economia do país, agravando as situações de pobreza e desigualdades sociais, além de expor as fragilidades das famílias ao acesso de moradias dignas, alimentação, renda, saneamento básico, etc. Assim, o presente estudo se consolida como uma pesquisa-ação que tem como objetivo expor as vulnerabilidades, as reinvenções e os meios de sobrevivência desenvolvidos na favela Colinas D’Oeste, situada em Osasco/SP durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um território vulnerável que teve sua pobreza escancarada no período pandêmico. Dessa forma, a pesquisa assume a forma de um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório-descritivo e produz dados primários qualitativos e quantitativos, em um momento crítico de recuperação econômica e incertezas. O estudo apresenta sua originalidade ao determinar o grau de vulnerabilidades à luz da abordagem das capacitações de Amartya Sen, além de propor um conjunto de recomendações ao poder público. Os resultados apontam que as principais vulnerabilidades identificadas no Colinas D’Oeste são: a dificuldade de acesso à aquisição de alimentos (falta de funcionamentos), ao mercado de trabalho formal (ausência de capacitações) e à moradia digna (escassez de intitulamentos). Dentre os grupos do território que apresentam o maior grau de vulnerabilidade, se concentram as mulheres negras (pretas ou pardas), analfabetas ou que concluíram somente o ensino fundamental básico, com renda familiar entre 1 a 3 salários mínimos, com mais de 3 moradores no domicílio e, em muitos casos, chefes de família. As formas de organização social foram estratégias importantes para garantir o acesso aos alimentos e gerar, mesmo que em menor medida, fonte renda para a subsistência dos moradores. Nesse sentido, as reinvenções sociais se transfiguram como o “nós por nós” nas favelas, que mesmo com suas potências e fragilidades, se demonstraram cruciais para enfrentar os momentos mais críticos da pandemia. Nesse ínterim, são recomendadas políticas públicas anti pobreza voltadas ao combate à fome estrutural, geração de emprego e renda, moradias, saneamento básico, inclusão digital e fomento à arte e cultura.
Brazil has high rates of poverty and wide inequality in income distribution, traits that imply difficulty in accessing the basic essential rights of human life for a large part of the population. The condition of social vulnerability of a poor individual is related to the structural misery that in times of economic crisis leads human beings to unemployment or underemployment. In this context, the Covid-19 pandemic caused severe effects on the country's economy, worsening situations of poverty and social inequalities, in addition to exposing families' weaknesses in accessing decent housing, food, income, basic sanitation, etc. Thus, the present study is consolidated as action research that aims to expose the vulnerabilities, reinventions and means of survival developed in the Colinas D’Oeste slum, located in Osasco/SP during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a vulnerable territory that saw its poverty exposed during the pandemic period. In this way, the research takes the form of an exploratory-descriptive case study and produces qualitative and quantitative primary data, at a critical moment of economic recovery and uncertainty. The study presents its originality in determining the degree of vulnerabilities in light of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, in addition to proposing a set of recommendations to public authorities. The results indicate that the main vulnerabilities identified in Colinas D’Oeste are: difficulty in accessing food acquisition (lack of functions), the formal job market (lack of training) and decent housing (lack of qualifications). Among the groups in the territory that present the highest degree of vulnerability, black women (black or brown), illiterate or who have only completed basic elementary education, with family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages, with more than 3 residents in the territory are concentrated. household and, in many cases, heads of families. Forms of social organization were important strategies to guarantee access to food and generate, even if to a lesser extent, a source of income for the residents' subsistence. In this sense, social reinventions are transfigured as “us for us” in the slums, which, despite their strengths and weaknesses, proved crucial to face the most critical moments of the pandemic. In the meantime, anti-poverty public policies are recommended aimed at combating structural hunger, generating employment and income, housing, basic sanitation, digital inclusion and promoting art and culture.
Brazil has high rates of poverty and wide inequality in income distribution, traits that imply difficulty in accessing the basic essential rights of human life for a large part of the population. The condition of social vulnerability of a poor individual is related to the structural misery that in times of economic crisis leads human beings to unemployment or underemployment. In this context, the Covid-19 pandemic caused severe effects on the country's economy, worsening situations of poverty and social inequalities, in addition to exposing families' weaknesses in accessing decent housing, food, income, basic sanitation, etc. Thus, the present study is consolidated as action research that aims to expose the vulnerabilities, reinventions and means of survival developed in the Colinas D’Oeste slum, located in Osasco/SP during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a vulnerable territory that saw its poverty exposed during the pandemic period. In this way, the research takes the form of an exploratory-descriptive case study and produces qualitative and quantitative primary data, at a critical moment of economic recovery and uncertainty. The study presents its originality in determining the degree of vulnerabilities in light of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach, in addition to proposing a set of recommendations to public authorities. The results indicate that the main vulnerabilities identified in Colinas D’Oeste are: difficulty in accessing food acquisition (lack of functions), the formal job market (lack of training) and decent housing (lack of qualifications). Among the groups in the territory that present the highest degree of vulnerability, black women (black or brown), illiterate or who have only completed basic elementary education, with family income between 1 and 3 minimum wages, with more than 3 residents in the territory are concentrated. household and, in many cases, heads of families. Forms of social organization were important strategies to guarantee access to food and generate, even if to a lesser extent, a source of income for the residents' subsistence. In this sense, social reinventions are transfigured as “us for us” in the slums, which, despite their strengths and weaknesses, proved crucial to face the most critical moments of the pandemic. In the meantime, anti-poverty public policies are recommended aimed at combating structural hunger, generating employment and income, housing, basic sanitation, digital inclusion and promoting art and culture.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Micaelli Lobo dos. Pandemia de Covid-19: o “nós por nós” na favela Colinas D’Oeste em 2022. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia e Desenvolvimento) – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios, Osasco, 2024.