“Sobre esta ruína edificai os vossos reinos”: A identidade vândala para as narrativas romanas dos séculos V e VI
Data
2021-05-27
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Resumo
Tendo se fixado em solo imperial pela primeira vez entre 409 e 428 nas províncias da Hispânia, e posteriormente avançados sobre as províncias africanas em 429 até a conquista de Cartago em 439. Os vândalos haviam se estabelecido nas regiões mais ricas do Império Romano do Ocidente, e rapidamente ocuparam um lugar de destaque na historiografia romana, ao obter a atenção de clérigos que se dedicaram a denunciar a condução político-religiosa dos reis vândalos ao longo do século V, tais como Idácio de Aquae Flaviae e Victor de Vita. Entretanto, observamos que mesmo entre os clérigos, essas disputas narrativas e retóricas não alcançaram uma coesão, já que Salviano desejou representar visigodos e vândalos como sociedades mais próxima dos desígnios de Deus, perspectiva que acreditamos estar à luz dos ensinamentos de Agostinho que destacava as ações dos godos de Alarico, como exemplos da cristandade, em contraste com os romanos que permaneciam em pecado e por isso sofriam com o flagelo divino. Contudo, ao longo do século VI é possível perceber um aumento exponencial da produção literária secular, principalmente de poetas que se dedicaram a representar os aristocratas vândalos em seus panegíricos, período que foi nomeado pela historiografia recente como ‘renascença vândala’. Por fim, nossa pesquisa se encerra ao avaliarmos a obra História das Guerras de Procópio de Cesarea, e como ela se transmite a compreensão das identidades e dos reis vândalos. Damos destaque para a rivalidade entre Hilderico e Gelimero, que propiciaram a fragmentação do Reino Vândalo, que forneceu uma justificativa para a intervenção de Justiniano. Isso porque, Hilderico é caracterizado por ser um membro da família imperial, e retratado como muito próximo dos interesses romanos, enquanto que Gelimero é representado como um rei que desejava manter a autonomia do Reino Vândalo em relação ao Império Romano. Assim, o principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender como os modelos narrativos acerca da identidade vândala, haviam surgidos no século V, principalmente pela influência dos debates religiosos, e que posteriormente, no século VI são reorganizadas a partir de obras, dita ‘seculares’.
Having settled in Imperial territory for the first time between 409 and 428 in the provinces of Hispania, and advanced on the African provinces in 429 until the conquest of Carthage in 439. Vandals had settled in the richest regions of the Western Roman Empire, and quickly occupied a prominent place in Roman historiography, attracting the attention of clergymen who dedicated to denouncing the political-religious conduct of the Vandal kings throughout the 5th century, such as Hydatius and Victor of Vita. However, we note that among clerics, these narrative and rhetorical disputes did not achieve cohesion, because Salvian represented Visigoths and Vandals as societies more compatible with the wishes of God, a perspective that we believe to be influenced by the teachings of Augustine who judges the actions of the Goths of Alaric as examples of Christianity, in contrast to the Romans who remained in sin and therefore suffered from the divine scourge. Thus, throughout the sixth century, it is possible to see a great increase in secular literary production, especially of poets who dedicated to representing the Vandal aristocrats in their panegyrists, a period that was named by recent historiography as 'Vandal renaissance'. Finally, our research ends when we evaluate the work Procopius's Wars, and how it transmits the understanding of the identities and the Vandal kings, emphasizing the rivalry between Hilderic and Gelimer, which provided the fragmentation of the Vandal Kingdom, which justified Justinian's intervention. This is because, Hilderic is characterized as a member of the Imperial family, and portrayed as very close to Roman interests, while Gelimer, is represented as a king who wished to maintain the autonomy of the Vandal Kingdom about the Roman Empire. Thus, the main objective of this research is to understand how the narrative models about the Vandal identity, had appeared in the 5th century, mainly due to the influence of religious debates, and that later, in the 6th century, they are reorganized based on works, so-called ‘secular’.
Having settled in Imperial territory for the first time between 409 and 428 in the provinces of Hispania, and advanced on the African provinces in 429 until the conquest of Carthage in 439. Vandals had settled in the richest regions of the Western Roman Empire, and quickly occupied a prominent place in Roman historiography, attracting the attention of clergymen who dedicated to denouncing the political-religious conduct of the Vandal kings throughout the 5th century, such as Hydatius and Victor of Vita. However, we note that among clerics, these narrative and rhetorical disputes did not achieve cohesion, because Salvian represented Visigoths and Vandals as societies more compatible with the wishes of God, a perspective that we believe to be influenced by the teachings of Augustine who judges the actions of the Goths of Alaric as examples of Christianity, in contrast to the Romans who remained in sin and therefore suffered from the divine scourge. Thus, throughout the sixth century, it is possible to see a great increase in secular literary production, especially of poets who dedicated to representing the Vandal aristocrats in their panegyrists, a period that was named by recent historiography as 'Vandal renaissance'. Finally, our research ends when we evaluate the work Procopius's Wars, and how it transmits the understanding of the identities and the Vandal kings, emphasizing the rivalry between Hilderic and Gelimer, which provided the fragmentation of the Vandal Kingdom, which justified Justinian's intervention. This is because, Hilderic is characterized as a member of the Imperial family, and portrayed as very close to Roman interests, while Gelimer, is represented as a king who wished to maintain the autonomy of the Vandal Kingdom about the Roman Empire. Thus, the main objective of this research is to understand how the narrative models about the Vandal identity, had appeared in the 5th century, mainly due to the influence of religious debates, and that later, in the 6th century, they are reorganized based on works, so-called ‘secular’.
Descrição
Citação
ROSOLEN JUNIOR, Geraldo. “Sobre esta ruína edificai os vossos reinos”: A identidade vândala para as narrativas romanas dos séculos V e VI. Dissertação de mestrado. Guarulhos: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021.