Impacto do envelhecimento no consumo máximo de oxigênio de corredores: análise do ajuste para massa magra, massa corporal total e valores absolutos
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Data
2024-03-28
Autores
Seffrin Neto, Aldo Antonio
Orientadores
Andrade, Marília dos Santos [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O desempenho em esportes de resistência diminui à medida que
envelhecemos, o que tem sido atribuído principalmente ao envelhecimento
cardiovascular e musculoesquelético. No entanto, ainda não há informações claras
sobre os fatores mais afetados pelo envelhecimento, especialmente em relação à
capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo: Comparar dois grupos de corredores, um
com menos de 50 anos e outro com 50 anos ou mais, levando em consideração o
consumo máximo de oxigênio (V̇ O2max) absoluto, V̇ O2max ajustado à massa corporal,
V̇ O2max ajustado à massa magra dos membros inferiores, limiar ventilatório (LV) e
ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR). Métodos: Um total de 78 corredores
recreacionais de longa distância do sexo masculino foram divididos em Grupo 1 (38,12
± 6,87 anos) e Grupo 2 (57,55 ± 6,14 anos). Os participantes foram avaliados quanto
à composição corporal (DXA), V̇ O2max, LV e PCR (Protocolo Ellestad). Resultados:
O Grupo 1 apresentou valores de V̇ O2max absolutos (l·min−1) e ajustados à massa
corporal (ml·kg−1·min−1) (4,60 ± 0,57 (mediana = 4,48) e 61,95 ± 8,25 (mediana =
61,91), respectivamente) mais altos do que o Grupo 2 (3,77 ± 0,56 (mediana = 3,80)
e 51,50 ± 10,22 (mediana = 49,21), respectivamente), indicando uma diferença
significativa (∆ = 0,83, p < 0,001, d = -1,46, IC(d) = -1,97 a -0,94 e ∆ = 10,45, p < 0,001,
d = -1,16, IC(d) = -1,65 a -0,66). Da mesma forma, o Grupo 1 mostrou um V̇ O2max
ajustado à massa magra dos membros inferiores (ml·kgMM−1·min−1)
significativamente maior (251,72 ± 29,60 (mediana = 250,47)) do que o Grupo 2
(226,36 ± 43,94 (mediana = 224,74)), (∆ = 25,36, p = 0,008, d = -0,71, IC(d) = -1,19 a
-0,24). O VT (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -1,89, p = 0,271, d = 0,24) e o PCR (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -
1,05, p = 0,403, d = 0,19) não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusões: Esses achados
sugerem que tanto as variáveis limitadas por condições centrais ou periféricas são
negativamente afetadas pelo envelhecimento, mas a magnitude do efeito é maior nas
variáveis limitadas por condições centrais. Esses resultados contribuem para nossa
compreensão de como o envelhecimento afeta corredores mais experientes.
Introduction: Performance in endurance sports decreases as we age, which has been primarily attributed to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal aging. However, there is still no clear information on the factors most affected by aging, especially in relation to cardiorespiratory capacity. Objective: To compare two groups of runners, one under 50 years old and the other with 50 years or older, taking into consideration their absolute and weight-adjusted maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ O2max), lower limb lean mass-adjusted V̇ O2max, ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Methods: A total of 78 male recreational long-distance runners were divided into Group 1 (38.12 ± 6.87 years) and Group 2 (57.55 ± 6.14 years). Participants were evaluated for body composition (DXA), V̇ O2max, VT, and RCP (Ellestad protocol). Results: Group 1 presented absolute values of V̇ O2max (l·min−1) and values adjusted to body mass (ml·kg−1·min−1) (4.60 ± 0.57 (median = 4.48) and 61.95 ± 8.25 (median = 61.91), respectively) higher than Group 2 (3.77 ± 0.56 (median = 3.80) and 51.50 ± 10.22 (median = 49.21), respectively), indicating a significant difference (∆ = 0.83, p < 0.001, d = -1.46, CI(d) = -1.97 to -0.94 and ∆ = 10.45, p < 0.001, d = -1.16, CI(d) = -1.65 to -0.66). Similarly, Group 1 showed a significantly higher V̇ O2max adjusted to lean mass of the lower limbs (ml·kgLM−1·min−1) (251.72 ± 29.60 (median = 250.47)) than Group 2 (226.36 ± 43.94 (median = 224.74)), (∆ = 25.36, p = 0.008, d = -0.71, CI(d) = -1.19 to -0.24). The VT (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -1.89, p = 0.271, d = 0.24) and PCR (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -1.05, p = 0.403, d = 0.19) did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both variables limited by central or peripheral conditions are negatively affected by aging, but the magnitude of the effect is higher in variables limited by central conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of how aging affects experienced runners.
Introduction: Performance in endurance sports decreases as we age, which has been primarily attributed to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal aging. However, there is still no clear information on the factors most affected by aging, especially in relation to cardiorespiratory capacity. Objective: To compare two groups of runners, one under 50 years old and the other with 50 years or older, taking into consideration their absolute and weight-adjusted maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ O2max), lower limb lean mass-adjusted V̇ O2max, ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Methods: A total of 78 male recreational long-distance runners were divided into Group 1 (38.12 ± 6.87 years) and Group 2 (57.55 ± 6.14 years). Participants were evaluated for body composition (DXA), V̇ O2max, VT, and RCP (Ellestad protocol). Results: Group 1 presented absolute values of V̇ O2max (l·min−1) and values adjusted to body mass (ml·kg−1·min−1) (4.60 ± 0.57 (median = 4.48) and 61.95 ± 8.25 (median = 61.91), respectively) higher than Group 2 (3.77 ± 0.56 (median = 3.80) and 51.50 ± 10.22 (median = 49.21), respectively), indicating a significant difference (∆ = 0.83, p < 0.001, d = -1.46, CI(d) = -1.97 to -0.94 and ∆ = 10.45, p < 0.001, d = -1.16, CI(d) = -1.65 to -0.66). Similarly, Group 1 showed a significantly higher V̇ O2max adjusted to lean mass of the lower limbs (ml·kgLM−1·min−1) (251.72 ± 29.60 (median = 250.47)) than Group 2 (226.36 ± 43.94 (median = 224.74)), (∆ = 25.36, p = 0.008, d = -0.71, CI(d) = -1.19 to -0.24). The VT (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -1.89, p = 0.271, d = 0.24) and PCR (%V̇ O2max) (∆ = -1.05, p = 0.403, d = 0.19) did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both variables limited by central or peripheral conditions are negatively affected by aging, but the magnitude of the effect is higher in variables limited by central conditions. These results contribute to our understanding of how aging affects experienced runners.