Lippia alba (verbenaceae): uma fonte alternativa para a descoberta de coagulantes biodegradáveis?
Data
2022-11-21
Autores
Silva, Carolina Simonian Caetano da 
Orientadores
Veiga, Thiago André Moura
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os coagulantes vegetais e biodegradáveis à base de taninos aparecem, possivelmente, como substitutos aos coagulantes à base de sais de alumínio no processo de tratamento de água. Os sais de alumínio geram um lodo tóxico para o ambiente e, além disso, são capazes de causar doenças no sistema neurológico, como mal de Parkinson e Alzheimer. Atualmente, já existem coagulantes à base de taninos produzidos a partir das cascas de acácia negra (Acacia mearnsii), contudo, é importante salientar que novas fontes alternativas de taninos sejam encontradas. Nesse sentido, a espécie vegetal Lippia alba (VERBENACEAE), popularmente conhecida como sálvia, melissa ou erva-cidreira brasileira, é uma planta que possui propriedades medicinais, além de apresentar uma grande quantidade de taninos em sua composição química. Este trabalho teve como finalidade investigar os extratos brutos de L. alba como fonte de taninos para o desenvolvimento de um coagulante vegetal e biodegradável. Para isso, foram utilizados extratos preparados a partir da planta fresca e seca em estufa de circulação de ar a 50 oC. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os extratos da planta desidratada tiveram um rendimento maior após o processo de extração. Para a detecção da presença de taninos nos extratos, foram realizados testes cromogênicos e análises por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), os quais sugeriram a presença desses metabólitos nas amostras. A reação de Mannich foi realizada e o produto obtido após a reação foi analisado por Cromatografia Líquida acoplada ao Espectrômetro de Massas de Alta Resolução (UHPLC-HRMS). Os cromatogramas foram analisados através da desreplicação molecular por meio do software Target Analysis 1.3, além da plataforma GNPS, os quais mostraram a presença de diversos flavonoides nas amostras. No entanto, os taninos não foram detectados ou anotados. Apesar disso, o produto obtido após a reação de Mannich foi submetido a ensaios com água oriunda da represa Billings para avaliação do seu potencial coagulante em comparação com o produto comercial Tanfloc® (Tanac S.A).
Vegetable and biodegradable coagulants based on tannins appear possibly as substitutes for coagulants based on aluminum salts in the water treatment process. Aluminum salts generate a toxic sludge for the environment and in addition can cause diseases in the neurological system, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Currently, there are already tannin-based coagulants produced from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark however, it is important that new alternative sources of tannins are found. In this sense, the plant species Lippia alba (VERBENACEAE), popularly known as sage, melissa or Brazilian lemon balm, is a plant that has medicinal properties in addition to presenting many tannins in its chemical composition. This work aimed to investigate the crude extracts of L. alba as a source of tannins for the development of a vegetable and biodegradable coagulant. For this, extracts prepared from the fresh plant and dried in an air circulation oven at 50 ⁰C were used. The results obtained show that the dehydrated plant extracts had a higher yield after the extraction process. To detect the presence of tannins in the extracts, chromogenic tests, and spectroscopy analysis in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FTIR) were performed which suggested the presence of these metabolites in the samples. The Mannich reaction was performed, and the product obtained after the reaction was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-HRMS). The chromatograms were analyzed through molecular dereplication using the Target Analysis 1.3 software, in addition to the GNPS platform, which showed the presence of several flavonoids in the samples. However, tannins were not detected or noted. Despite this, the product obtained after the Mannich reaction was subjected to tests with water from the Billings dam to evaluate its coagulant potential in comparison with the commercial product Tanfloc® (Tanac S.A).
Vegetable and biodegradable coagulants based on tannins appear possibly as substitutes for coagulants based on aluminum salts in the water treatment process. Aluminum salts generate a toxic sludge for the environment and in addition can cause diseases in the neurological system, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Currently, there are already tannin-based coagulants produced from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark however, it is important that new alternative sources of tannins are found. In this sense, the plant species Lippia alba (VERBENACEAE), popularly known as sage, melissa or Brazilian lemon balm, is a plant that has medicinal properties in addition to presenting many tannins in its chemical composition. This work aimed to investigate the crude extracts of L. alba as a source of tannins for the development of a vegetable and biodegradable coagulant. For this, extracts prepared from the fresh plant and dried in an air circulation oven at 50 ⁰C were used. The results obtained show that the dehydrated plant extracts had a higher yield after the extraction process. To detect the presence of tannins in the extracts, chromogenic tests, and spectroscopy analysis in the infrared region with Fourier transform (FTIR) were performed which suggested the presence of these metabolites in the samples. The Mannich reaction was performed, and the product obtained after the reaction was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-HRMS). The chromatograms were analyzed through molecular dereplication using the Target Analysis 1.3 software, in addition to the GNPS platform, which showed the presence of several flavonoids in the samples. However, tannins were not detected or noted. Despite this, the product obtained after the Mannich reaction was subjected to tests with water from the Billings dam to evaluate its coagulant potential in comparison with the commercial product Tanfloc® (Tanac S.A).