Desafios e complexidade diagnóstica do autismo em meninas e mulheres: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Data
2023-12-21
Autores
Rosa, Daniele de Cássia 
Orientadores
Zanni, Karina Piccin
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: O Transtorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio de neurodesenvolvimento, com diferentes etiologias, que apresenta maior razão entre homens e mulheres, 3,8:1, ou seja, aproximadamente, 3,8 casos de diagnóstico de autismo em meninos para 1 caso diagnóstico do espectro em meninas. Com o desenvolvimento dos critérios diagnósticos e o aumento da divulgação de informações sobre o autismo, observou-se um crescimento do número de diagnósticos. Objetivo: Compreender sobre a complexidade e os desafios do diagnóstico do TEA em meninas e mulheres por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistemática de literatura cuja busca dos estudos foi realizada nas fontes de indexação Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Foram selecionados estudos nacionais e internacionais, publicados entre 2013 e 2023, utilizando os descritores: TEA no sexo feminino, autismo em meninas, diagnóstico do autismo em meninas e diagnóstico do autismo em mulheres. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos seguindo os critérios estabelecidos. O subdiagnóstico e o diagnóstico tardio do TEA apresentam complicações e riscos, incluindo diferenças características, influência de fatores sexuais, entendimento limitado do autismo baseado em estereótipos diagnósticos masculinos, diagnósticos de outros transtornos mentais, serviços de diagnóstico indisponíveis e falta de sensibilidade dos profissionais para identificar meninas e mulheres autistas. Os desafios e a complexidade diagnóstica do autismo mostram a urgente necessidade da ampliação da conscientização e compreensão do autismo nessa população.
Conclusão: O alto índice de diagnósticos tardios e a invisibilidade diagnóstica em mulheres com TEA, estão relacionados com inúmeros fatores, principalmente o mascaramento ("masking”) dos sinais e sintomas, observados nessa população. Desse modo, observa as diversas consequências que a ausência, o subdiagnóstico e o diagnóstico tardio causam para esses grupos de mulheres, acarretando em experiências e episódios traumáticos.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with different etiologies, which has a higher ratio between males and females, 3.8:1, i.e. approximately 3.8 cases of autism diagnosis in boys to 1 case of autism diagnosis in girls. With the development of diagnostic criteria and the increased dissemination of information about autism, there has been an increase in the number of diagnoses. Objective: To understand the complexity and challenges of diagnosing ASD in girls and women through a systematic literature review. Method: This is a systematic literature review whose studies were searched in the indexing sources Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed and Google Scholar. National and international studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected, using the descriptors: ASD in females, autism in girls, diagnosis of autism in girls and diagnosis of autism in women. Results: 10 articles were selected according to the established criteria. Underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of ASD present complications and risks, including characteristic differences, the influence of sexual factors, a limited understanding of autism based on male diagnostic stereotypes, diagnoses of other mental disorders, unavailable diagnostic services and a lack of sensitivity on the part of professionals to identify autistic girls and women. The challenges and diagnostic complexity of autism show the urgent need to increase awareness and understanding of autism in this population. Conclusion: The high rate of late diagnosis and diagnostic invisibility in women with ASD is related to a number of factors, mainly the masking of signs and symptoms observed in this population. In this way, the various consequences that absence, underdiagnosis and late diagnosis cause for these groups of women are observed, leading to traumatic experiences and episodes.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, with different etiologies, which has a higher ratio between males and females, 3.8:1, i.e. approximately 3.8 cases of autism diagnosis in boys to 1 case of autism diagnosis in girls. With the development of diagnostic criteria and the increased dissemination of information about autism, there has been an increase in the number of diagnoses. Objective: To understand the complexity and challenges of diagnosing ASD in girls and women through a systematic literature review. Method: This is a systematic literature review whose studies were searched in the indexing sources Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed and Google Scholar. National and international studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected, using the descriptors: ASD in females, autism in girls, diagnosis of autism in girls and diagnosis of autism in women. Results: 10 articles were selected according to the established criteria. Underdiagnosis and late diagnosis of ASD present complications and risks, including characteristic differences, the influence of sexual factors, a limited understanding of autism based on male diagnostic stereotypes, diagnoses of other mental disorders, unavailable diagnostic services and a lack of sensitivity on the part of professionals to identify autistic girls and women. The challenges and diagnostic complexity of autism show the urgent need to increase awareness and understanding of autism in this population. Conclusion: The high rate of late diagnosis and diagnostic invisibility in women with ASD is related to a number of factors, mainly the masking of signs and symptoms observed in this population. In this way, the various consequences that absence, underdiagnosis and late diagnosis cause for these groups of women are observed, leading to traumatic experiences and episodes.
Descrição
Citação
ROSA, Daniele de Cássia. Desafios e complexidade diagnóstica do autismo em meninas e mulheres: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. 2023. 26 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.