Razão ômega-6/ ômega-3 da dieta segundo condições sociodemográficas, de saúde e consumo de ultraprocessados
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Data
2023-11-06
Autores
Ghedini, Natália Simonian Rodrigues Valente [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
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Introdução: A literatura traz evidências de que diversas doenças são desencadeadas por processos inflamatórios; em nível celular, esses estados inflamatórios podem estar relacionados ao desequilíbrio de ácidos graxos (AG) das famílias ômega-6 (n6) e ômega-3 (n3); desta forma a razão n6/n3 da dieta já foi associada ao adoecimento. Condições sociodemográficas e de saúde, como a renda, o sexo, a idade e também o grau de escolaridade são determinantes para as escolhas alimentares. O consumo de produtos ultraprocessados (UP) vem aumentando ao longo dos anos e tomando proporções crescentes em diversas partes do mundo, especialmente nos países de menor renda. Além disso, já se observou que há associação entre o consumo de produtos UP e desfechos de saúde, como a obesidade, a síndrome metabólica, e também com o aumento do risco de câncer de mama. Métodos: Foram empregados neste estudo dados secundários extraídos de um estudo transversal de base populacional realizado no município de Campinas em duas edições, 2008-2009 e 2014-2015; foram analisados os dados de 3384 indivíduos e 2583, respectivamente. A amostra foi composta por voluntários com 10 anos de idade ou mais, não institucionalizados, residentes da área urbana. Foram realizadas entrevistas domiciliares, com uso de um questionário organizado em blocos temáticos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por um Recordatório 24h, e os dados foram digitados no software NDS-R. A mediana da razão n6/n3 da dieta e sua associação com as variáveis preditoras foi medida por regressão quantílica. Resultados: A razão n6/n3 aumentou no período em estudo e foi associada ao sexo e ao grau de escolaridade, exceto entre indivíduos que não concluíram o ensino primário; foram observadas ainda associações com a renda, o número de moradores e de equipamentos domésticos. Dentre as variáveis de saúde, a razão n6/n3 foi associada às condições de saúde, como queixas e número de doenças referidas, ao IMC e ao tabagismo, mas destaca-se o aumento observado somente entre indivíduos sedentários. Com relação ao consumo alimentar, a razão n6/n3 foi associada ao grau de processamento dos alimentos, e aumenta conforme aumenta o quintil de consumo de UP e é inversamente associada ao consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados. Conclusão: a razão n6/n3 da dieta foi associada às condições sociodemográficas, às de saúde e à qualidade da alimentação, sendo diretamente associada ao sedentarismo e ao consumo de alimentos UP.
Introduction: The literature provides evidence that several diseases are triggered by inflammatory processes; at a cellular level, these inflammatory states may be related to the imbalance of fatty acids (FA) from the omega-6 (n6) and omega-3 (n3) families; therefore, the n6/n3 ratio in the diet has already been associated with illness. Sociodemographic and health conditions, such as income, sex, age and also the level of education are determining factors for food choices. The consumption of ultra-processed products (UP) has been increasing over the years and taking on increasing proportions in different parts of the world, especially in lower-income countries. Furthermore, it has been observed that there is an association between the consumption of UP products and health outcomes, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and also with an increased risk of breast cancer. Methods: Secondary data extracted from a population-based crosssectional study carried out in the city of Campinas in two editions, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, were used in this study; data from 3384 individuals and 2583, respectively, were analyzed. The sample was composed of volunteers aged 10 years or over, noninstitutionalized, residents of urban areas. Home interviews were carried out using a questionnaire organized into thematic blocks. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour recall, and the data was entered into the NDS-R software. The median dietary n6/n3 ratio and its association with the predictor variables were measured by quantile regression. Results: The n6/n3 ratio increased during the period under study and was associated with sex and level of education, except among individuals who did not complete primary education; associations were also observed with income, number of residents and household equipment. Among the health variables, the n6/n3 ratio was associated with health conditions, such as complaints and number of reported diseases, BMI and smoking, but the increase observed only among sedentary individuals stands out. Regarding food consumption, the n6/n3 ratio was associated with the degree of food processing, and increases as the quintile of UP consumption increases and is inversely associated with the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Conclusion: the n6/n3 ratio of the diet was associated with sociodemographic conditions, health conditions and quality of diet, being directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of UP foods.
Introduction: The literature provides evidence that several diseases are triggered by inflammatory processes; at a cellular level, these inflammatory states may be related to the imbalance of fatty acids (FA) from the omega-6 (n6) and omega-3 (n3) families; therefore, the n6/n3 ratio in the diet has already been associated with illness. Sociodemographic and health conditions, such as income, sex, age and also the level of education are determining factors for food choices. The consumption of ultra-processed products (UP) has been increasing over the years and taking on increasing proportions in different parts of the world, especially in lower-income countries. Furthermore, it has been observed that there is an association between the consumption of UP products and health outcomes, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and also with an increased risk of breast cancer. Methods: Secondary data extracted from a population-based crosssectional study carried out in the city of Campinas in two editions, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015, were used in this study; data from 3384 individuals and 2583, respectively, were analyzed. The sample was composed of volunteers aged 10 years or over, noninstitutionalized, residents of urban areas. Home interviews were carried out using a questionnaire organized into thematic blocks. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour recall, and the data was entered into the NDS-R software. The median dietary n6/n3 ratio and its association with the predictor variables were measured by quantile regression. Results: The n6/n3 ratio increased during the period under study and was associated with sex and level of education, except among individuals who did not complete primary education; associations were also observed with income, number of residents and household equipment. Among the health variables, the n6/n3 ratio was associated with health conditions, such as complaints and number of reported diseases, BMI and smoking, but the increase observed only among sedentary individuals stands out. Regarding food consumption, the n6/n3 ratio was associated with the degree of food processing, and increases as the quintile of UP consumption increases and is inversely associated with the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Conclusion: the n6/n3 ratio of the diet was associated with sociodemographic conditions, health conditions and quality of diet, being directly associated with a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of UP foods.
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Citação
GHEDINI, Natália Simonian Rodrigues Valente. Razão ômega-6/ ômega-3 da dieta segundo condições sociodemográficas, de saúde e consumo de ultraprocessados. 2023. 74 f. Tese (Doutorado Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.