Estudo da plasticidade hipocampal induzida pelo exercício físico durante o desenvolvimento cerebral pós-natal de ratos
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2010-09-29
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Tese de doutorado
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Nas últimas décadas, muitos estudos têm se dedicado ao entendimento das bases neurobiológicas do exercício físico para manter e melhorar as funções cerebrais em adultos e idosos. Embora os mecanismos de adaptação neurobiológica ao exercício no cérebro maduro sejam amplamente documentados, a influência do exercício durante o processo de desenvolvimento cerebral permanece pouco explorada. A proposta do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos do exercício físico sobre o desenvolvimento cerebral pós-natal. Para isso, avaliou-se a plasticidade hipocampal de ratos submetidos a um programa de exercício físico durante o período adolescente (21° ao 60° dias de vida pós-natal). Os resultados mostraram que o exercício físico durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal aumentou a densidade de fibras musgosas e a expressão hipocampal de parvalbumina, fator neurotrófico derivado do encéfalo (BDNF) e receptor tropomiosina quinase B (TrkB), reduziu a expressão hipocampal do receptor canabinóide subtipo 1 (CB1), aprimorou a aprendizagem e a memória espacial, e melhorou a capacidade de evocar as memórias em longo prazo. É importante ressaltar que a intensidade e duração adequada do exercício físico durante o período do desenvolvimento cerebral pós-natal não está bem definida. Enquanto o exercício induz plasticidade hipocampal, efeitos degenerativos poderiam aparecer em condições indevidas de estresse físico e mental. Neste sentido, foi demonstrado que o protocolo de exercício físico utilizado neste estudo não induziu resposta inflamatória e degeneração de neurônios na formação hipocampal de ratos adolescentes. Em resumo, esses achados indicam que o exercício físico pode resultar em mudanças positivas para o cérebro em desenvolvimento pós-natal.
In the last decades many studies have dedicated to the understanding of neurobiological bases of physical exercise to the maintenance and improvement of neural function in adults and elderly subjects. Although the effects of exercise are well documented in the mature brain, the influence of exercise in the developing brain has been poorly explored. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on postnatal brain development. For this purpose, we evaluated the hippocampal plasticity of rats submitted to an aerobic exercise program during the adolescent period (between 21th and 60th postnatal day-old). The results showed that the physical exercise program during the postnatal development increased the mossy fibers density and hippocampal expression of parvalbumin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), reduced cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression, improved spatial learning and memory, and enhanced the capacity to evoke spatial memories in later stages. It is important to note that the adequate intensity and duration of exercise performed during brain development are not well established. While physical exercise induces hippocampal plasticity, degenerative effects could appear in undue conditions of physical or psychological stress. In this regard, we showed that the exercise protocol used in our study did not induce inflammatory response and degenerating neurons in the hippocampal formation of adolescent rats. Our findings demonstrate that physical exercise results in positive changes in postnatal brain development.
In the last decades many studies have dedicated to the understanding of neurobiological bases of physical exercise to the maintenance and improvement of neural function in adults and elderly subjects. Although the effects of exercise are well documented in the mature brain, the influence of exercise in the developing brain has been poorly explored. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on postnatal brain development. For this purpose, we evaluated the hippocampal plasticity of rats submitted to an aerobic exercise program during the adolescent period (between 21th and 60th postnatal day-old). The results showed that the physical exercise program during the postnatal development increased the mossy fibers density and hippocampal expression of parvalbumin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), reduced cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression, improved spatial learning and memory, and enhanced the capacity to evoke spatial memories in later stages. It is important to note that the adequate intensity and duration of exercise performed during brain development are not well established. While physical exercise induces hippocampal plasticity, degenerative effects could appear in undue conditions of physical or psychological stress. In this regard, we showed that the exercise protocol used in our study did not induce inflammatory response and degenerating neurons in the hippocampal formation of adolescent rats. Our findings demonstrate that physical exercise results in positive changes in postnatal brain development.
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SILVA, Sérgio Gomes da. Estudo da plasticidade hipocampal induzida pelo exercício físico durante o desenvolvimento cerebral pós-natal de ratos. 2010. Tese (Doutorado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2010.