A qualidade das águas do córrego Grota Funda e a sua influência no Corpo Central I da represa Billings
Data
2023-12-11
Autores
Matarazzo, Matheus Peres 
Orientadores
Nordi, Cristina Souza Freire
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os ecossistemas de água doce realizam diversos serviços ecossistêmicos, como, por exemplo, o abastecimento de água. A influência das atividades antrópicas sobre esses ambientes é uma preocupação mundial e a eutrofização é uma das principais ameaças. A represa Billings sofre com a eutrofização há décadas e o aporte contínuo de esgotos domésticos e industriais agravam a deterioração. O uso de bioindicadores, como a comunidade fitoplanctônica e os indicadores microbiológicos de poluição fecal, são ferramentas eficientes para monitorar esses impactos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência das águas do córrego Grota Funda no Corpo Central 1 da represa Billings. Foram realizadas cinco coletas de água, três durante a seca (01/09/21, 28/04/22 e 01/08/22) e duas no período chuvoso (16/12/21 e 21/01/23), em cinco pontos, partindo do Ribeirão Grota Funda (GF) até o Corpo Central 1 da Represa Billings. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos, clorofila-a e os feopigmentos, além da detecção e quantificação dos coliformes termotolerantes e E. coli. O fitoplâncton foi caracterizado quanto à taxonomia, a densidade e a frequência de ocorrência. Foi verificado um padrão de diluição ou autodepuração em vários parâmetros, do ponto GF até o ponto P4. A estatística mostrou uma correlação forte entre o ponto GF e as variáveis relacionadas a poluição e eutrofização dos ecossistemas aquáticos, dentre elas: a condutividade elétrica (C.E), o fósforo total (PT), o nitrato (NO3), o nitrogênio amoniacal (NH4), a Escherichia coli e os coliformes. A maior parte dos parâmetros variou sazonalmente, como a C.E, o oxigênio dissolvido (O.D), a temperatura da água, a clorofila-a, o ortofosfato, o NH4, o NO3 e a densidade do fitoplâncton. A análise qualitativa do fitoplâncton revelou 126 espécies/gêneros, distribuídas em 15 classes diferentes, sendo que a densidade do fitoplâncton durante o período chuvoso (22,9 mm³/L) foi em média superior do que o observado no seco (10,1 mm³/L), sendo que as Cyanobacteria foram predominantes. A elevada densidade de cianobactérias em quase todos os pontos e coletas analisados indica a intensidade do processo de eutrofização em andamento. Os resultados em conjunto como cálculo do IET demonstram uma influência importante do Ribeirão Grota Funda nesse braço da Represa Billings, essa influência é diluída até o ponto P4 (Corpo Central I), no entanto esse ponto apresenta outros focos de contribuição, os quais somandose à influência do Grota Funda comprometem cada vez mais a qualidade das águas do Corpo Central I da Represa Billings.
Freshwater ecosystems provide several ecosystem services, such as water supply. The influence of human activities on these environments is a global concern and eutrophication is one of the main threats. The Billings Dam has suffered from eutrophication for decades and the continuous transport of domestic and industrial sewage worsens safety. The use of bioindicators, such as the phytoplankton community and microbiological indicators of fecal pollution, are efficient tools for monitoring these impacts. The present work aims to analyze the influence of the waters of the Grota Funda stream on Central Body 1 of the Billings dam. Five water collections were carried out, three during the drought (01/09/21, 28/04/22 and 01/08/22) and two during the rainy season (16/12/21 and 21/01/23), in five points, starting from Ribeirão Grota Funda (GF) to Central Body 1 of the Billings Dam. Physical and chemical parameters, chlorophyll-a and pheopigments were analyzed, in addition to the detection and quantification of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli. Phytoplankton was characterized in terms of taxonomy, density and frequency of occurrence. A dilution or autoclearance pattern was selected in several parameters, from the GF point to the P4 point. The statistics showed a strong brightness between the GF point and the variables related to humidity and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, among them: electrical conductivity (C.E), total phosphorus (PT), nitrate (NO3), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 ). ), Escherichia coli and coliforms. Most periods vary seasonally, such as C.E, dissolved oxygen (D.O.), water temperature, chlorophyll-a, orthophosphate, NH4, NO3 and phytoplankton density. A qualitative analysis of phytoplankton revealed 126 species/genera, distributed in 15 different classes, and the density of phytoplankton during the rainy season (22.9 mm³/L) was on average higher than the observation in the dry season (10.1 mm³ /L), with Cyanobacteria being predominant. The high density of cyanobacteria in almost all points and collections analyzed indicates the intensity of the eutrophication process in progress. The results together with the IET calculation demonstrate an important influence of Ribeirão Grota Funda on this arm of the Billings Dam, this influence is diluted up to point P4 (Central Body I), however this point presents other sources of contribution, which add up to The influence of Grota Funda increasingly compromises the quality of the waters of Central Body I of the Billings Dam.
Freshwater ecosystems provide several ecosystem services, such as water supply. The influence of human activities on these environments is a global concern and eutrophication is one of the main threats. The Billings Dam has suffered from eutrophication for decades and the continuous transport of domestic and industrial sewage worsens safety. The use of bioindicators, such as the phytoplankton community and microbiological indicators of fecal pollution, are efficient tools for monitoring these impacts. The present work aims to analyze the influence of the waters of the Grota Funda stream on Central Body 1 of the Billings dam. Five water collections were carried out, three during the drought (01/09/21, 28/04/22 and 01/08/22) and two during the rainy season (16/12/21 and 21/01/23), in five points, starting from Ribeirão Grota Funda (GF) to Central Body 1 of the Billings Dam. Physical and chemical parameters, chlorophyll-a and pheopigments were analyzed, in addition to the detection and quantification of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli. Phytoplankton was characterized in terms of taxonomy, density and frequency of occurrence. A dilution or autoclearance pattern was selected in several parameters, from the GF point to the P4 point. The statistics showed a strong brightness between the GF point and the variables related to humidity and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, among them: electrical conductivity (C.E), total phosphorus (PT), nitrate (NO3), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 ). ), Escherichia coli and coliforms. Most periods vary seasonally, such as C.E, dissolved oxygen (D.O.), water temperature, chlorophyll-a, orthophosphate, NH4, NO3 and phytoplankton density. A qualitative analysis of phytoplankton revealed 126 species/genera, distributed in 15 different classes, and the density of phytoplankton during the rainy season (22.9 mm³/L) was on average higher than the observation in the dry season (10.1 mm³ /L), with Cyanobacteria being predominant. The high density of cyanobacteria in almost all points and collections analyzed indicates the intensity of the eutrophication process in progress. The results together with the IET calculation demonstrate an important influence of Ribeirão Grota Funda on this arm of the Billings Dam, this influence is diluted up to point P4 (Central Body I), however this point presents other sources of contribution, which add up to The influence of Grota Funda increasingly compromises the quality of the waters of Central Body I of the Billings Dam.