Alterações bioquímicas, moleculares e comportamentais induzidas por hipóxia neonatal em camundongos
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2008-01-30
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Dissertação de mestrado
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Introdução: A hipóxia-isquemia neonatal é um dos fatores mais significativos que pode levar recém-nascidos à morte. Também está associada a doenças na vida adulta, como a esquizofrenia. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de investigar efeitos em longo prazo da hipóxia neonatal na evolução ponderal, no comportamento, em parâmetros da defesa antioxidante e do metabolismo da homocisteína em camundongos machos adultos. Métodos: Camundongos Suíços de sete dias foram submetidos a: hipóxia (H), separação materna (SM) ou não foram manipulados (NM). Quando eles completaram 3 meses de idade, a avaliação comportamental foi realizada (por meio de caixas de atividade, esquiva discriminative e registro de sono. Catalase, superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa total, vitamina B6, homocisteína and cysteína foram medidas no sangue, assim como a atividade de catalase hipocampal e estriatal e a expressão de catalase e de GPx hipocampais. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA de uma via ou de medidas repetidas, seguidos pelos testes de Duncan ou Bonferroni. Resultados: Os camundongos expostos à hypoxia neonatal apresentaram na vida adulta diminuição da atividade locomotora durante os 5 primeiros minutos de avaliação e um decréscimo na duração dos episódios de sono dessincronizado na fase escura, quando comparados ao grupo NM. Além disso, foi observado um aumento do tempo gasto nos braços abertos nos grupos SM e H, quando comparados ao grupo NM. Em relação aos parâmetros bioquímicos, somente a GPx eritrocitária estava significativamente reduzida no grupo H e a glutationa total diminuída no grupo SM, ambas quando comparadas ao grupo NM. Não encontraram-se diferenças na expressão de GPx e catalase hipocampais. Os grupos MS e H apresentaram um xxvi aumento no ganho de peso quando comparados ao NM. Conclusão: A hypoxia produziu alterações duradouras no sono dessicronizado, na evolução ponderal, no comportamento neótico e na atividade de glutationa peroxidase eritrocitária, enquanto que a separação materna induziu um aumento do comportamento ansioso, uma redução da glutationa total e um aumento do ganho de peso em camundongos.
Introduction: Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the most significant factors that can lead to death in newborns. It has been linked with pathology in adult life, such as schizophrenia. Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate long-term effects of neonatal hypoxia on body weight, behavior, antioxidant defense status, factors related to homocysteine metabolism in adult male mice. Methods: Seven day old male Swiss mice were submitted to: hypoxia (H), maternal separation (MS) or no handling (NH). When they completed 3 months old, behavioral evaluation were performed (activity boxes, plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, sleep recording). Blood catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione, vitamin B6, homocysteine and cysteine were measured as well as hippocampal and striatal catalase activity, and hipoccampal GPx and catalase expression. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test or repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Duncan or Bonferroni adjusted t tests. Results: Adult mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia exhibited lower locomotor activity on the first minutes of evaluation and also a decrease in paradoxical sleep episodes duration during dark phase compared to NH group. Moreover an increase in time spent in the open arms of the maze was observed in both MS and H groups when compared to NH. With respect to biochemical parameters, only erythrocyte GPx activity was significantly reduced in the H group, whereas total glutathione was significantly lower in the MS group, both compared to NH group. There were no differences in hippocampal GPx and CAT expression. Groups MS and H presented higher weight gain than NH. Conclusion: Neonatal hypoxia produced long-lasting alterations in paradoxical sleep, body weight, neotic behavior and glutathione peroxidase activity whereas maternal 104 104 separation induced an enhanced anxiety-like behavior, reduction in total and body weight increase.
Introduction: Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the most significant factors that can lead to death in newborns. It has been linked with pathology in adult life, such as schizophrenia. Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate long-term effects of neonatal hypoxia on body weight, behavior, antioxidant defense status, factors related to homocysteine metabolism in adult male mice. Methods: Seven day old male Swiss mice were submitted to: hypoxia (H), maternal separation (MS) or no handling (NH). When they completed 3 months old, behavioral evaluation were performed (activity boxes, plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, sleep recording). Blood catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione, vitamin B6, homocysteine and cysteine were measured as well as hippocampal and striatal catalase activity, and hipoccampal GPx and catalase expression. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test or repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Duncan or Bonferroni adjusted t tests. Results: Adult mice exposed to neonatal hypoxia exhibited lower locomotor activity on the first minutes of evaluation and also a decrease in paradoxical sleep episodes duration during dark phase compared to NH group. Moreover an increase in time spent in the open arms of the maze was observed in both MS and H groups when compared to NH. With respect to biochemical parameters, only erythrocyte GPx activity was significantly reduced in the H group, whereas total glutathione was significantly lower in the MS group, both compared to NH group. There were no differences in hippocampal GPx and CAT expression. Groups MS and H presented higher weight gain than NH. Conclusion: Neonatal hypoxia produced long-lasting alterations in paradoxical sleep, body weight, neotic behavior and glutathione peroxidase activity whereas maternal 104 104 separation induced an enhanced anxiety-like behavior, reduction in total and body weight increase.
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BRANDÃO, Letícia de Campos. Alterações bioquímicas, moleculares e comportamentais induzidas por hipóxia neonatal em camundongos. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2008.