Eficácia e mecanismos de atividades condicionantes na melhora do desempenho físico
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Data
2024-05-31
Autores
Vasconcelos, Gustavo César de [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Pires, Flávio de Oliveira [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
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Objetivos: Esta tese é dividida em dois estudos, com objetivo de investigar à eficácia e mecanismos de atividades condicionantes na melhora do desempenho físico. O estudo um foi uma revisão sistemática com metanálise (RSMA) desenhada para quantificar o tamanho do efeito melhoria do desempenho pós-ativação (Post-activation performance enhancement; PAPE) no desempenho endurance, analisar a qualidade metodológica e o nível de evidência da literatura. O estudo dois verificou o nível de alteração na excitabilidade córtico-espinhal, potencialização pós ativação (PPA) e força de contração voluntária máxima (CVM) obtidas durante exercício de membro inferior, após contrações voluntárias condicionantes em membro superior e inferior. Métodos: A RSMA foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes da Cochrane, realizada a partir da busca em dez bases de dados sem restrição de idioma. O risco de viés foi analisado através da Rob2 e certeza da evidência pelo GRADE. Foi realizada uma metanálise de tamanhos de efeito por modelo de efeitos aleatórios. O estudo dois utilizou uma CVM de flexão de cotovelo e extensão de joelho (2 x 5 s) para potencializar o desempenho na CVM e no tempo limite (Tlim) da contração a 70% da CVM para tarefa de extensão de joelho, enquanto medidas da excitabilidade córtico-espinhal e muscular de membros inferiores foram obtidas. Resultados: A RSMA revelou um efeito PAPE muito pequeno no desempenho de endurance (Z = 2,49; SMD = 0,15), sem influência do intervalo entre a execução das rotinas de condicionamento e o exercício de endurance ou da duração do exercício de endurance. O estudo 2 mostrou que exercício condicionante localizado apresenta melhores resposta de desempenho para CVM (p = 0,01), com efeitos nulos para tarefa de carga sustentada (p = 0,98), nenhuma alteração nas respostas neural quando comparado ao grupo remoto e controle. Conclusão: Concluímos que estratégias com exercícios de condicionamento são ineficazes para melhorar o desempenho de endurance, uma vez que o mecanismo clássico da PPA não tem efeito sobre tipo de exercício. Os resultados reforçam a eficácia de um exercício condicionante localizado na melhora do desempenho de força muscular.
Objectives: Thesis is structured into two distinct studies, aiming to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of conditioning activities in enhancing physical performance. First study is a systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) to quantify the effect size of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) on endurance performance, evaluate the methodological quality, and assess the level of evidence within the literature. The second study explores the extent of changes in corticospinal excitability, post-activation potentiation (PAP), and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) strength observed during lower limb exercises following conditioning voluntary contractions in both upper and lower limbs. Methods: The SRMA was conducted in accordance with Cochrane guidelines, based on a search ten databases without language restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to determine effect sizes. The second study employed a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of elbow flexion and knee extension (2 x 5 s) to enhance performance in MVC and the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at 70% of MVC during a knee extension task, while measurements of corticospinal and muscular excitability of the lower limbs were obtained. Results: The SRMA revealed a very small PAPE effect on endurance performance (Z = 2.49; SMD = 0.15), with no influence from the interval between the conditioning routines and the endurance exercise or the duration of the endurance exercise. Study 2 demonstrated that localized conditioning exercise resulted in significantly better performance responses for MVC (p = 0.01), with no effects on the sustained task (p = 0.98), and no changes in neural responses when compared to the remote and control conditions. Conclusion: We conclude that conditioning exercise strategies are ineffective in enhancing endurance performance, as the classical mechanism of PAP does not impact this type of exercise. The findings underscore the efficacy of localized conditioning exercise in improving muscle strength performance.
Objectives: Thesis is structured into two distinct studies, aiming to investigate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of conditioning activities in enhancing physical performance. First study is a systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) to quantify the effect size of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) on endurance performance, evaluate the methodological quality, and assess the level of evidence within the literature. The second study explores the extent of changes in corticospinal excitability, post-activation potentiation (PAP), and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) strength observed during lower limb exercises following conditioning voluntary contractions in both upper and lower limbs. Methods: The SRMA was conducted in accordance with Cochrane guidelines, based on a search ten databases without language restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to determine effect sizes. The second study employed a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of elbow flexion and knee extension (2 x 5 s) to enhance performance in MVC and the time to exhaustion (Tlim) at 70% of MVC during a knee extension task, while measurements of corticospinal and muscular excitability of the lower limbs were obtained. Results: The SRMA revealed a very small PAPE effect on endurance performance (Z = 2.49; SMD = 0.15), with no influence from the interval between the conditioning routines and the endurance exercise or the duration of the endurance exercise. Study 2 demonstrated that localized conditioning exercise resulted in significantly better performance responses for MVC (p = 0.01), with no effects on the sustained task (p = 0.98), and no changes in neural responses when compared to the remote and control conditions. Conclusion: We conclude that conditioning exercise strategies are ineffective in enhancing endurance performance, as the classical mechanism of PAP does not impact this type of exercise. The findings underscore the efficacy of localized conditioning exercise in improving muscle strength performance.
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Citação
VASCONCELOS, Gustavo César de. Eficácia e mecanismos de atividades condicionantes na melhora do desempenho físico. 2024. 115 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências do Movimento Humano e Reabilitação) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2024.