Prevalência de tabagismo em pacientes hospitalizados, grau de dependência à nicotina e de motivação para a cessação do hábito de fumar
Arquivos
Data
2015-08-31
Autores
Traldi, Fabiana 
Orientadores
Bettencourt, Ana Rita de Cassia
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de tabagismo em pacientes hospitalizados, seu grau de dependência à nicotina, o grau de motivação para cessação do hábito de fumar e verificar a associação do grau de dependência nicotínica com variáveis sociodemográficas. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com pacientes do Hospital Santa Marcelina de São Paulo. Nos pacientes tabagistas, foi aplicado o teste de Fagerstrom que avaliou seu grau de dependência à nicotina e a escala URICA que avaliou o estágio motivacional em que se encontravam. Resultados: Dos 293 pacientes, 51,5% eram do sexo feminino, a média de idade foi de 55,5 anos. A prevalência encontrada de tabagismo em pacientes hospitalizados foi de 20,8%. Considerando tabagistas e extabagistas, 50,9% iniciaram o consumo entre 12 e 18 anos com tempo de exposição ao tabaco acima de 20 anos (77,1%). Quanto ao grau de dependência da nicotina, de acordo com os resultados do teste de Fargestron, a maioria (41,0%) apresentava grau elevado ou muito elevado; 21,3%, médio; 19,7%; baixo e 18,0%, muito baixo de dependência nicotínica. Os dados sociodemográficos indicam que, dentre os 61 pacientes tabagistas, a maioria (65,5%) era do sexo masculino, a média de idade foi de 51,08 ± 13,66 anos. A maioria iniciou o hábito de fumar por influência de amigos e familiares (55,7% e 22,9% respectivamente). No que se refere ao grau motivacional para deixar de fumar, a maioria (78,7%) já tentou parar de fumar, 93,5% gostariam de parar de fumar e 82% aceitariam tratamento, 64% encontrava-se no estágio de ação conforme a escala de URICA. Conclusão: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 20,8%. Considerando o grau de dependência da nicotina, 41,0% apresentava grau elevado ou muito elevado, 21,3%, médio, 19,7%; baixo e 18,0%, muito baixo de dependência nicotínica. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a mudança comportamental em relação à cessação do hábito de fumar era bastante positiva entre os pacientes analisados, visto que a maioria (64%) encontrava-se no estágio da ?ação?, em que há um comprometimento para a mudança e a prontidão para agir; 29,5%, contemplação e 6,5% no estágio de pré-contemplação, sendo que o principal motivo referido para a cessação do tabagismo foi a preocupação com a própria saúde (90,2%) e com a família (78,7%) e os principais fatores que dificultam a cessação foram ?o cigarro é muito prazeroso? e o medo dos sintomas da abstinência (73,8% e 54,1% respectivamente). No que tange à dependência nicotínica e às características sociodemográficas, verificamos que não houve associação estatisticamente significante.
Objective: Determine the prevalence of smoking in hospitalized patients, their degree of nicotine dependence, motivation for cessation and the association of the degree of nicotinic dependence and sociodemographic variables. Method: Cross-sectional study with patients in a General Hospital in São Paulo. Fagerstrom test assessed their degree of nicotine dependence and the URICA scale assessed their motivational stage. Results: Of the 293 patients, 51.5% were female, the average age was 55.5 years. The prevalence of smoking among hospitalized patients was 20.8%. Considering smokers and former smokers, 50.9% began consumption between 12 and 18 years with tobacco exposure time above 20 years (77.1%). The degree of dependence on nicotine, according to the results of Fargestron test, the majority (41.0%) had high or very high degree; 21.3% average; 19.7%; low and 18.0%, very low nicotine dependence. Socio-demographic data indicate that among the 61 smokers, the majority (65.5%) were male, the average age was 51.08 ± 13.66 years. Most started smoking under the influence of friends and family (55.7% and 22.9% respectively). With regard to the motivational level to stop smoking, the majority (78.7%) tried to quit smoking, 93.5% would like to quit smoking and 82% would accept treatment, 64% were in the action stage according to URICA scale. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking was 20.8%. Considering the degree of nicotine dependence, 41.0% had high or very high, 21.3%, average, 19.7%; low and 18.0%, very low nicotine dependence. The results of this study show that behavioral change in relation to the cessation of smoking was very positive among patients analyzed, since most (64%) was at the stage of "action" in which there is a commitment to change and readiness to act; 29.5%, contemplation and 6.5% in the pre-contemplation stage, and the main reason referred to smoking cessation was concern for their own health (90.2%) and family (78.7 %) and the main factors that hinder the termination were "cigarettes are very pleasurable" and fear of withdrawal symptoms (73.8% and 54.1% respectively). With respect to nicotine dependence and sociodemographic characteristics, we found no statistically significant association.
Objective: Determine the prevalence of smoking in hospitalized patients, their degree of nicotine dependence, motivation for cessation and the association of the degree of nicotinic dependence and sociodemographic variables. Method: Cross-sectional study with patients in a General Hospital in São Paulo. Fagerstrom test assessed their degree of nicotine dependence and the URICA scale assessed their motivational stage. Results: Of the 293 patients, 51.5% were female, the average age was 55.5 years. The prevalence of smoking among hospitalized patients was 20.8%. Considering smokers and former smokers, 50.9% began consumption between 12 and 18 years with tobacco exposure time above 20 years (77.1%). The degree of dependence on nicotine, according to the results of Fargestron test, the majority (41.0%) had high or very high degree; 21.3% average; 19.7%; low and 18.0%, very low nicotine dependence. Socio-demographic data indicate that among the 61 smokers, the majority (65.5%) were male, the average age was 51.08 ± 13.66 years. Most started smoking under the influence of friends and family (55.7% and 22.9% respectively). With regard to the motivational level to stop smoking, the majority (78.7%) tried to quit smoking, 93.5% would like to quit smoking and 82% would accept treatment, 64% were in the action stage according to URICA scale. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking was 20.8%. Considering the degree of nicotine dependence, 41.0% had high or very high, 21.3%, average, 19.7%; low and 18.0%, very low nicotine dependence. The results of this study show that behavioral change in relation to the cessation of smoking was very positive among patients analyzed, since most (64%) was at the stage of "action" in which there is a commitment to change and readiness to act; 29.5%, contemplation and 6.5% in the pre-contemplation stage, and the main reason referred to smoking cessation was concern for their own health (90.2%) and family (78.7 %) and the main factors that hinder the termination were "cigarettes are very pleasurable" and fear of withdrawal symptoms (73.8% and 54.1% respectively). With respect to nicotine dependence and sociodemographic characteristics, we found no statistically significant association.
Descrição
Citação
TRALDI TERZIAN, Fabiana. Prevalência de tabagismo em pacientes hospitalizados, grau de dependência à nicotina e de motivação para a cessação do hábito de fumar. 2015. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Enfermagem) - Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2015.