Iguais, mas separados? Segregação por sexo na educação superior brasileira
Data
2023-12-07
Autores
Leal, Leticia de Freitas 
Orientadores
Vaz, Daniela Verzola
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o comportamento da segregação por sexo nos cursos
do ensino superior brasileiro de 2000 até 2017. Para tanto, são utilizados os microdados do Censo
da Educação Superior, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas
Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep/MEC). Em específico, pretende-se estudar o comportamento
de medidas de segregação ao longo do tempo para os discentes, bem como de que forma a
segregação se apresenta conforme é alterado o nível de agregação dos cursos. As análises são
realizadas a partir do cálculo do índice de dissimilaridade de Duncan, do índice de Gini, do índice
raiz quadrada de Hutchens e das proporções de mulheres em relação ao total de alunos em
determinado recorte. Analisa-se, ainda, como as mulheres se distribuem entre os docentes do
ensino superior, realizando-se recortes por categoria administrativa, organização acadêmica, grau
de formação e regime de trabalho. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a distribuição
de homens e mulheres entre os estudantes dos cursos de graduação presencial no Brasil é desigual,
com sub-representação feminina nas áreas de maior prestígio social e tidas como mais técnicas
pela sociedade. Nas áreas que são entendidas como extensão do trabalho doméstico, por outro
lado, há evidente sobrerrepresentação de mulheres. Entre os docentes observou-se que apesar das
mulheres estarem em minoria numérica, a disparidade vem diminuindo com o passar do tempo.
Além disso, docentes do sexo feminino são menos presentes nas instituições federais, bem como
entre doutores e docentes contratados em regime de trabalho integral. Os resultados são
interpretados à luz da literatura, a qual sugere que a segregação por sexo no ambiente universitário
é resultado de relações históricas, culturais e psicológicas que moldam os conceitos de papel de
gênero e divisão sexual do trabalho.
The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of sex segregation in Brazilian higher education courses from 2000 to 2017. To this end, microdata from the Higher Education Census, made available by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (Inep/MEC), are used. Specifically, it is intended to study the behavior of segregation measures over time for students, as well as how segregation presents itself as the level of aggregation of courses changes. The analyses are performed by calculating Duncan's dissimilarity index, the Gini index, the Hutchens square root index and the proportions of women in relation to the total number of students in a given section. It also analyzes how women are distributed among higher education professors, considering administrative category, academic organization, degree of training and work regime. From the results obtained, it was found that the distribution of men and women among students in face-to-face undergraduate courses in Brazil is unequal, with female underrepresentation in areas of greater social prestige and considered more technical by society. In areas that are understood as an extension of domestic work, on the other hand, there is an evident overrepresentation of women. Among the professors, it was observed that although women are in a numerical minority, the disparity has been decreasing over time. In addition, female professors are less present in federal institutions, as well as among PhDs and full-time professors. The results are interpreted in the light of the literature, which suggests that sex segregation in the university environment is the result of historical, cultural and psychological relations that shape the concepts of gender role and sexual division of labor.
The aim of this research is to analyze the behavior of sex segregation in Brazilian higher education courses from 2000 to 2017. To this end, microdata from the Higher Education Census, made available by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (Inep/MEC), are used. Specifically, it is intended to study the behavior of segregation measures over time for students, as well as how segregation presents itself as the level of aggregation of courses changes. The analyses are performed by calculating Duncan's dissimilarity index, the Gini index, the Hutchens square root index and the proportions of women in relation to the total number of students in a given section. It also analyzes how women are distributed among higher education professors, considering administrative category, academic organization, degree of training and work regime. From the results obtained, it was found that the distribution of men and women among students in face-to-face undergraduate courses in Brazil is unequal, with female underrepresentation in areas of greater social prestige and considered more technical by society. In areas that are understood as an extension of domestic work, on the other hand, there is an evident overrepresentation of women. Among the professors, it was observed that although women are in a numerical minority, the disparity has been decreasing over time. In addition, female professors are less present in federal institutions, as well as among PhDs and full-time professors. The results are interpreted in the light of the literature, which suggests that sex segregation in the university environment is the result of historical, cultural and psychological relations that shape the concepts of gender role and sexual division of labor.
Descrição
Citação
Leal, Leticia de Freitas. Iguais, mas separados? Segregação por sexo na educação superior brasileira. 2023. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Ciências Econômicas) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios, Osasco, 2023.