O Caráter Masoquista em Reich Frente ao Além do Princípio do Prazer
Data
2019-12-09
Autores
Del Rey Neto, Rubens Casal 
Orientadores
Casetto, Sidnei José
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O debate acerca do caráter esteve presente desde muito cedo no meio psicanalítico. Durante as três primeiras décadas do séc XX, autores como Wilhelm Reich, Sandor Ferenczi, Karl Abraham, Alfred Adler e Sigmund Freud abordavam o tema em seus escritos. Embora Freud tenha sido o primeiro psicanalista a utilizar o termo caráter em sua obra, cabe dizer que tal termo aparece de forma dispersa, não recebendo um tratamento conceitual propriamente dito. Foi o psicanalista Wilhelm Reich que deu ao caráter um aspecto central em suas discussões. Chegando a propor uma análise do caráter, Reich via neste uma espécie de barreira narcísica que serviria, dentro do processo analítico, como transferência negativa. É com este viés que Reich, em sua obra “Análise do Caráter”, publicada em 1933, coloca em debate aspectos técnicos e teóricos da psicanálise. Dentre tais aspectos, ganham destaque as colocações feitas sobre o caráter masoquista, na qual Reich demonstra uma forte oposição frente à hipótese freudiana da existência de um além do princípio do prazer. Deste modo, objetivou-se, por meio de uma exploração bibliográfica, investigamos a noção de caráter masoquista em Reich em relação à hipótese freudiana de um além do princípio do prazer. Nota-se que Reich constrói sua teoria sobre o caráter com base na primeira dualidade pulsional formulada por Freud (pulsões sexuals - pulsões do Eu). Para ele a pulsão de morte era uma criação metafísica que explicava muitas coisas, mas não era capaz de ser explicada. Em 1932, quando amadureceu seu entendimento em relação ao masoquismo, expôs uma teoria que buscava demonstrar clinicamente a inexistência da pulsão de morte. Para Reich, aquilo que estava sendo atribuído à pulsão de morte podia ser entendido dentro do princípio do prazer. O sujeito não busca a destruição por uma tendência biológica primária que o leva a buscar o sofrimento, mas sim por consequência de frustrações reais Para Reich a única pulsão existente remete à vida. As manifestações destrutivas (masoquismo-sadismo) são formações posteriores que devem a sua existência à miséria neurótica que é propagada por meio de uma sociedade sexualmente rígida.
From the very beginning, the discussion regarding the character has always been present into psychoanalytical field. During the first three decades of the 20th century, authors as Wilhelm Reich, Sandor Ferenczi, Karl Abraham, Alfred Adler and Sigmund Freud approached the subject in their writings. Although Freud has been the first psychoanalyst to use the term character in his works, it is worth mentioning that such term appears in a dispersed and fragmented way, thereby preventing a theoretical designation itself. There was the psychoanalyst Wilhem Reich that gave to the character a central role in his discussions. Even proposing a character analyse, Reich regarded in this a sort of narcissistic barrier that would serve, within analytical process, as a negative transfer. With this bias, Reich, in his work “Character Analyse”, published in 1930, discuss technical and theoretical aspects of psychoanalyse. Among such aspects, are highlighted the statements about the masochistic character, in which Reich standards considerable opposition to Freudian hypothesis of an occurrence of a pleasure principle. Therefore, aimed, through a bibliographic exploitation, research the masochistic character notion in Reich in relation to Freudian hypothesis of a beyond pleasure principle. Should be noted that Reich builds his theory about character based on the first emotive duality developed by Freud (sexual pulse - self pulse). For him, the death pulse was a metaphysics creation that could explain a lot of things, however it is unable to be stated. In 1932, when his understanding concerning the masochistic has matured, showed a theory which sought clinically demonstrate the absence of the death pulse. For Reich, what it was being assigned to the death pulse could be understood within the pleasure principle. The subject does not looking for the destruction due to a primary biological trend that brought him to seek pain, but actually due to real disappointments. For Reich, the only existing pulse refers to life. Destructive demonstrations (masochism - sadism) are following formations that owe their existence to the neurotic misery that it is spread through a sexually strict society.
From the very beginning, the discussion regarding the character has always been present into psychoanalytical field. During the first three decades of the 20th century, authors as Wilhelm Reich, Sandor Ferenczi, Karl Abraham, Alfred Adler and Sigmund Freud approached the subject in their writings. Although Freud has been the first psychoanalyst to use the term character in his works, it is worth mentioning that such term appears in a dispersed and fragmented way, thereby preventing a theoretical designation itself. There was the psychoanalyst Wilhem Reich that gave to the character a central role in his discussions. Even proposing a character analyse, Reich regarded in this a sort of narcissistic barrier that would serve, within analytical process, as a negative transfer. With this bias, Reich, in his work “Character Analyse”, published in 1930, discuss technical and theoretical aspects of psychoanalyse. Among such aspects, are highlighted the statements about the masochistic character, in which Reich standards considerable opposition to Freudian hypothesis of an occurrence of a pleasure principle. Therefore, aimed, through a bibliographic exploitation, research the masochistic character notion in Reich in relation to Freudian hypothesis of a beyond pleasure principle. Should be noted that Reich builds his theory about character based on the first emotive duality developed by Freud (sexual pulse - self pulse). For him, the death pulse was a metaphysics creation that could explain a lot of things, however it is unable to be stated. In 1932, when his understanding concerning the masochistic has matured, showed a theory which sought clinically demonstrate the absence of the death pulse. For Reich, what it was being assigned to the death pulse could be understood within the pleasure principle. The subject does not looking for the destruction due to a primary biological trend that brought him to seek pain, but actually due to real disappointments. For Reich, the only existing pulse refers to life. Destructive demonstrations (masochism - sadism) are following formations that owe their existence to the neurotic misery that it is spread through a sexually strict society.
Descrição
Citação
DEL REY NETO, Rubens Casal. O Caráter Masoquista em Reich Frente ao Além do Princípio do Prazer. 2019. 68 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Psicologia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2019.