Control techniques in motor neuroprosthesis based on biomedical signal processing: a survey
Data
2022-07-22
Autores
Sanches, Davi Gonçalves 
Orientadores
Paiva, Henrique Mohallem
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Neuropróteses são dispositivos biomédicos desenvolvidos para restaurar ou compensar a funcionalidade de um órgão comprometido por disfunções neuronais causadas por diferentes patologias, como as lesões medulares, derrame ou doenças neurodegenerativas.
Um projeto de neuroprótese é baseado na aquisição e processamento de um
sinal biomédico que contenha a informação necessária para a ativação muscular, um
dispositivo físico projetado para suportar cargas e amplitudes de um movimento e
um sistema de controle que forneça ao paciente uma movimentação mais precisa
dos membros. Há na literatura diversas neuropróteses documentadas que diferem
entre si no tipo de sinal biomédico adquirido ou utilizado (EMG, EEG, parâmetros
de marcha, estimulação funcional elétrica - FES); nas técnicas de processamento
desses sinais (tempo-frequência); no formato e no biomaterial escolhido de acordo
com a sua funcionalidade (membro superior ou inferior), assim como no sistema de
controle utilizado (malha aberta, malha fechada ou na combinação de ambos).
Este trabalho aborda estudos sobre técnicas de controle para neuropróteses. Eles
foram agrupados em três categorias de neuropróteses baseando-se na técnica de controle usada. Entretanto, os estudos diferem entre si em muitos aspectos, tais como
as técnicas de aquisição e processamento do sinal biológico (como EMG volitivo,
EEG, FES e parâmetros de marcha) e os membros-alvo afetados pela patologia.
Um estudo comparativo foi realizado entre as diferentes metodologias dos trabalhos
selecionados destacando-se suas similaridades e diferenças em aplicações clínicas.
Seus principais resultados são discutidos separadamente.
Neuroprosthesis are biomedical devices designed to restore or compensate for the functionality of an organ compromised by neuronal dysfunctions caused by different pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. A neuroprosthesis design is based on the acquisition and processing of a biomedical signal that contains the information needed for muscular activation, a physical device designed to support loads and ranges of motion, and a control system that provides the patient with a limb movement of greater precision. In the literature, there are many documented neuroprostheses that differ from each other in the type of biomedical signal acquired or utilized (EMG, EEG, gait parameters, functional electrical stimulation - FES); in the processing techniques of those signals (timefrequency); in the shape and biomaterial employed according to their functionality (inferior or superior limbs), as well as the control system utilized (open-loop, closedloop or the combination of both). This work addresses studies on control techniques for neuroprosthesis. They were grouped into three categories of neuroprosthesis based on the control technique used. These works differ on many other aspects though, such as the acquisition and processing techniques of biomedical signals (like volitional EMG, EEG, FES, and gait parameters), and target limbs affected by a movement disorder. A comparative study between those different development methodologies was performed, highlighting similarities and differences in clinical applications and discussing their results separately.
Neuroprosthesis are biomedical devices designed to restore or compensate for the functionality of an organ compromised by neuronal dysfunctions caused by different pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. A neuroprosthesis design is based on the acquisition and processing of a biomedical signal that contains the information needed for muscular activation, a physical device designed to support loads and ranges of motion, and a control system that provides the patient with a limb movement of greater precision. In the literature, there are many documented neuroprostheses that differ from each other in the type of biomedical signal acquired or utilized (EMG, EEG, gait parameters, functional electrical stimulation - FES); in the processing techniques of those signals (timefrequency); in the shape and biomaterial employed according to their functionality (inferior or superior limbs), as well as the control system utilized (open-loop, closedloop or the combination of both). This work addresses studies on control techniques for neuroprosthesis. They were grouped into three categories of neuroprosthesis based on the control technique used. These works differ on many other aspects though, such as the acquisition and processing techniques of biomedical signals (like volitional EMG, EEG, FES, and gait parameters), and target limbs affected by a movement disorder. A comparative study between those different development methodologies was performed, highlighting similarities and differences in clinical applications and discussing their results separately.
Descrição
Citação
SANCHES, D.G. Control techniques in motor neuroprosthesis based on biomedical signal processing: a survey. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica) - Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São José dos Campos, p.30.2022.