Estratégias desenvolvidas por usuários de crack para lidar com os riscos decorrentes do consumo da droga
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Data
2010-11-25
Autores
Ribeiro, Luciana Abeid [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Nappo, Solange Aparecida [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, sob a ótica de usuários e ex/usuários de crack, quais são os riscos decorrentes do consumo deste e as estratégias que utilizam para minimizá-los ou evitá-los. Método: Optou-se pelo método qualitativo de pesquisa, desenvolvido por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas em profundidade. Foi entrevistada uma amostra intencional por critérios, composta por 28 usuários de crack, de ambos os sexos e com idade entre os 20 e os 47 anos. Estes foram recrutados a partir da técnica de bola de neve, formando 8 diferentes cadeias de entrevistados, o que garantiu a diversidade de perfis investigados bem como o alcance do ponto de saturação teórica. As entrevistas foram transcritas literalmente, inseridas e analisadas pelo software NVivo 8, com exploração dos dados mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados e Discussão: Houve diversidade da amostra quanto ao gênero, ao nível socioeconômico e à escolaridade. Os entrevistados acreditavam que os maiores riscos presentes no decorrer da dependência do crack fossem os relacionados aos efeitos psíquicos da droga - fissura, sintomas paranóides transitórios e sintomas depressivos – e os decorrentes da ilegalidade da mesma, como a polícia e as questões referentes ao tráfico. No entanto, os riscos orgânicos do consumo quase não foram mencionados. As estratégias se concentraram no controle dos efeitos psíquicos, principalmente pela associação do álcool e da maconha. Para uma melhor relação com as conseqüências decorrentes do aspecto ilegal da droga mostraram que se preocupavam com o local e as companhias de uso, assim como a postura que adotavam frente ao traficante e à polícia.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify, from the perspective of crack users, the risks resulting from crack consumption and the strategies they use to minimize or prevent them. Method: We chose the qualitative research method, developed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. We interviewed an intentional sample selected by criteria composed by 28 crack users of both genders aged between 20 and 47 years. They were recruited by means of the snowball technique, comprising 8 different chains, which assured the diversity of the profiles investigated as well as the theoretical saturation. The interviews were transcribed literally, fed into and analyzed by the software NVivo 8, with the data exploration following the techniques of discourse and content analysis. Results and Discussion: The sample presented diversity as regards gender, social-economical level and schooling. The interviewees believe that the higher risks resulting from the use of crack are those related to the psychic effects of the drug – craving, temporary paranoid symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well as those that result from the illegality of the drug, such as the police and issues regarding trafficking. Organic risks associated with the use, on the other hand, were hardly ever mentioned. Their strategies are focused on the control of the psychic effects, mainly through the association of alcohol and marijuana. As regards a better relation with the illegal aspects of the drug, they reported concern about where and with whom they use the drug, as well as the attitude they adopt in relation to the dealer and the police. Conclusions: The strategies developed to curb the main risks they believe they are exposed to focus on an attempt to self-protection, be it from violence or from unpleasant symptoms. The strategies developed have been effective in some cases but in others, despite being effective in short term, triggered problems to crack consumer, such as the association of other dependences.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify, from the perspective of crack users, the risks resulting from crack consumption and the strategies they use to minimize or prevent them. Method: We chose the qualitative research method, developed through in-depth semi-structured interviews. We interviewed an intentional sample selected by criteria composed by 28 crack users of both genders aged between 20 and 47 years. They were recruited by means of the snowball technique, comprising 8 different chains, which assured the diversity of the profiles investigated as well as the theoretical saturation. The interviews were transcribed literally, fed into and analyzed by the software NVivo 8, with the data exploration following the techniques of discourse and content analysis. Results and Discussion: The sample presented diversity as regards gender, social-economical level and schooling. The interviewees believe that the higher risks resulting from the use of crack are those related to the psychic effects of the drug – craving, temporary paranoid symptoms and depressive symptoms, as well as those that result from the illegality of the drug, such as the police and issues regarding trafficking. Organic risks associated with the use, on the other hand, were hardly ever mentioned. Their strategies are focused on the control of the psychic effects, mainly through the association of alcohol and marijuana. As regards a better relation with the illegal aspects of the drug, they reported concern about where and with whom they use the drug, as well as the attitude they adopt in relation to the dealer and the police. Conclusions: The strategies developed to curb the main risks they believe they are exposed to focus on an attempt to self-protection, be it from violence or from unpleasant symptoms. The strategies developed have been effective in some cases but in others, despite being effective in short term, triggered problems to crack consumer, such as the association of other dependences.
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Citação
RIBEIRO, Luciana Abeid. Estratégias desenvolvidas por usuários de crack para lidar com os riscos decorrentes do consumo da droga. 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2010.