Desenvolvimento de curativo a base de kefiran e própolis em matriz polimérica para recobrimento de lesões teciduais
Data
2023-12-08
Autores
Martins, Eduardo Ferreira 
Orientadores
Esposito, Elisa
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Entre 2008 e 2016 o Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) registrou um número de 37.565.785 procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados pelo Sistema. Dentre estes procedimentos, 1,63% resultaram na morte do paciente, podendo ser quase a metade deste número atribuída a infecções nosocomiais decorrentes dos procedimentos pós-operatórios. Outro dado importante relacionado a lesões cutâneas é o número de pessoas que tratam queimaduras por ano no Brasil, que foi de aproximadamente 1 milhão de pacientes em 2017, dos quais cerca de 2500 vieram a óbito. Dentre as causas das mortes estão a profundidade da queimadura, a demora no socorro e, principalmente, a dificuldade em tratar determinadas lesões que podem acarretar processos infecciosos. Desta forma têm-se duas situações claras e pujantes da necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos materiais e substâncias que possam auxiliar nos tratamentos de injúrias cutâneas e garantir uma melhor recuperação e qualidade de vida para o paciente. A própolis é uma resina produzida por abelhas que pode ser utilizada na confecção de novos materiais, uma vez que apresenta propriedades favoráveis, sendo elas atividade antimicrobiana, antifúngica, cicatrizante e antioxidante, podendo ser um componente promissor para curativos. Um segundo produto de origem natural avaliado é o kefiran, um exopolissacarídeo produzido por grãos de kefir de leite no seu processo fermentativo com elevado potencial antimicrobiano, antinflamatório e cicatrizante. A associação destes compostos possui elevado interesse biotecnológico para busca da promoção da saúde, tendo sido estudada através da sua dispersão em uma emulsão farmacológica e utilizando um filme polimérico fino como matriz de suporte. Os extratos de própolis foram produzidos e caracterizados quanto às suas propriedades físico-químicas, bem como kefiran, produzido por microrganismos isolados dos grãos de kefir, as bases e os filmes poliméricos, de modo a fornecer informações acerca das possibilidades de sua associação na formação de um curativo bioativo para aplicação no tratamento de lesões cutâneas. As caracterizações se basearam em propriedades estruturais, térmicas, organolépticas e de propriedades biológicas, dentre outras caracterizações realizadas. Os protocolos de produção das amostras de extrato de própolis originaram diferentes extratos, sendo o extrato etanólico de própolis verde o principal candidato para a aplicação pretendida, diante de seu teor de extrato seco (69,14%) e boa atividade antimicrobiana, com índices de inibição acima de 90%. O kefiran foi produzido e caracterizado com sucesso utilizando culturas de microrganismos isolados, apresentando elevado índice de pureza (97,95%) e rendimento (1,33g/L), condizente com o esperado e proporcionando, também, boa atividade antimicrobiana (também com índices de inibição superiores a 90% a depender da concentração). Os filmes poliméricos produzidos apresentaram boas propriedades térmicas e coeficientes de barreira adequados para a aplicação em pele, sendo o filme produzido a partir da blenda dos polietilenos de alta densidade (HDPE) e linear de baixa densidade (LLDPE) o detentor do melhor coeficiente de permeseletividade encontrado nas amostras testadas (3,2 Barrer). Deste modo, foi possível associar o extrato de própolis e o kefiran à duas bases farmacológicas (anidra e gel) de modo a produzir um novo material com elevado interesse tecnológico e farmacêutico.
Between 2008 and 2016, the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (SUS) recorded 37,565,785 surgical procedures performed by the System. Among these procedures, 1.63% resulted in the death of the patient, with almost half of this number being attributed to nosocomial infections resulting from postoperative procedures. Another important data related to skin injuries is the number of people who treat burns per year in Brazil, which was approximately one million patients in 2017, of which around 2500 died. Among the causes of deaths are the depth of the burn, the delay in providing help and the difficulty in treating certain injuries that can lead to infectious processes. In this way, there are two clear and strong situations in which there is a need to develop new materials and substances that can assist in the treatment of skin injuries and guarantee better recovery and quality of life for the patient. Propolis is a resin produced by bees that can be used in the manufacture of new materials, as it has favorable properties, including antimicrobial, antifungal, healing and antioxidant activity, and can be a promising component for dressings. A second product of natural origin evaluated is kefiran, an exopolysaccharide produced by milk kefir grains in its fermentation process with high antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and healing potential. The association of these compounds is of high biotechnological interest in the search for health promotion, having been studied through their dispersion into a pharmacological emulsion and using a thin polymeric film as a support matrix. Propolis extracts were produced and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties, as well as kefiran, produced by microorganisms isolated from kefir grains, bases, and polymeric films, to provide information about the possibilities of their association in the formation of a bioactive dressing for application in the treatment of skin lesions. The characterizations were based on structural, thermal, organoleptic, and biological properties, among other characterizations conducted. The production protocols for propolis extract samples resulted in different extracts, with the ethanolic extract of green propolis being the main candidate for the intended application, given its dry extract content (69.14%) and good antimicrobial activity, with levels of inhibition above 90%. Kefiran was successfully produced and characterized using cultures of isolated microorganisms, presenting a high purity index (97.95%) and yield (1.33g/L), consistent with expectations and providing good antimicrobial activity (also with inhibition rates greater than 90% depending on the concentration). The polymeric films produced showed good thermal properties and barrier coefficients suitable for application to the skin, with the film being produced from a blend of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) having the best permeability coefficient found in the tested samples (3.2 Barrer). In this way, it was possible to associate propolis extract and kefiran with two pharmacological bases (anhydrous and gel) to produce a new material with high technological and pharmaceutical interest.
Between 2008 and 2016, the Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System (SUS) recorded 37,565,785 surgical procedures performed by the System. Among these procedures, 1.63% resulted in the death of the patient, with almost half of this number being attributed to nosocomial infections resulting from postoperative procedures. Another important data related to skin injuries is the number of people who treat burns per year in Brazil, which was approximately one million patients in 2017, of which around 2500 died. Among the causes of deaths are the depth of the burn, the delay in providing help and the difficulty in treating certain injuries that can lead to infectious processes. In this way, there are two clear and strong situations in which there is a need to develop new materials and substances that can assist in the treatment of skin injuries and guarantee better recovery and quality of life for the patient. Propolis is a resin produced by bees that can be used in the manufacture of new materials, as it has favorable properties, including antimicrobial, antifungal, healing and antioxidant activity, and can be a promising component for dressings. A second product of natural origin evaluated is kefiran, an exopolysaccharide produced by milk kefir grains in its fermentation process with high antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and healing potential. The association of these compounds is of high biotechnological interest in the search for health promotion, having been studied through their dispersion into a pharmacological emulsion and using a thin polymeric film as a support matrix. Propolis extracts were produced and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties, as well as kefiran, produced by microorganisms isolated from kefir grains, bases, and polymeric films, to provide information about the possibilities of their association in the formation of a bioactive dressing for application in the treatment of skin lesions. The characterizations were based on structural, thermal, organoleptic, and biological properties, among other characterizations conducted. The production protocols for propolis extract samples resulted in different extracts, with the ethanolic extract of green propolis being the main candidate for the intended application, given its dry extract content (69.14%) and good antimicrobial activity, with levels of inhibition above 90%. Kefiran was successfully produced and characterized using cultures of isolated microorganisms, presenting a high purity index (97.95%) and yield (1.33g/L), consistent with expectations and providing good antimicrobial activity (also with inhibition rates greater than 90% depending on the concentration). The polymeric films produced showed good thermal properties and barrier coefficients suitable for application to the skin, with the film being produced from a blend of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) having the best permeability coefficient found in the tested samples (3.2 Barrer). In this way, it was possible to associate propolis extract and kefiran with two pharmacological bases (anhydrous and gel) to produce a new material with high technological and pharmaceutical interest.
Descrição
Citação
MARTINS, Eduardo Ferreira. Desenvolvimento de curativo a base de kefiran e própolis em matriz polimérica para recobrimento de lesões teciduais. 2023. 180 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, 2023.