Alterações citogenéticas em indivíduos que fazem uso de terapia antirretroviral, portadores ou não do vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV)
Data
2023-12-06
Autores
Alpire, Maria Esther Suárez 
Orientadores
Ribeiro, Daniel Araki
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Alterações no DNA podem ser observadas através do teste do micronúcleo, uma importante ferramenta de biomonitoramento genotóxico. Este estudo utilizou células esfoliadas da mucosa bucal para avaliar in vivo portadores ou não do vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e que fazem uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV), e as possíveis alterações no DNA. Em relação aos portadores de HIV, o estudo envolveu 39 crianças e adolescentes, com idade de 0 a 19 anos, em estudo comparativo (ou transversal), duplocego. Um total de 20 crianças portadoras de HIV em uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV), e 19 crianças e adolescentes do grupo controle, pareados em relação ao sexo e idade foram inclusos. No estudo envolvendo adultos, foram examinados 37 indivíduos, sendo 17 do grupo profilaxia pré exposição (PrEP), que faziam uso de TARV, porém não eram portadores do vírus HIV, e 20 indivíduos do grupo controle, pareados por idade, sexo e hábitos, em estudo comparativo, duplocego. Os resultados demonstraram que no grupo HIV, as frequências de micronúcleos (MN) (p=0,05), células binucleadas (p=0,001) e, brotos nucleares (p=0,03); apresentaram aumentos em relação ao grupo controle. Nos parâmetros de citotoxicidade, houve aumento com diferença estatística na frequência de cariorrexe (p=0,05). Com relação ao grupo PrEP, os parâmetros de mutagenicidade também estavam aumentados, com diferença estatística significativa para as frequências de micronúcleos (p=0,0001); células binucleadas (p=0,001); e brotos nucleares (p=0,078). Nos parâmetros de citotoxicidade, houve aumento com diferença estatística na frequência de cariorrexe (p=0,001). Adicionalmente, foi realizado o índice de sistema de reparo, representado pela fórmula (CL+CR)/(MN+NB), onde ambos grupos de estudo apresentaram menor capacidade de reparo em relação ao grupo controle. Em suma, o uso contínuo destes antirretrovirais induzem danos citogenéticos e de citotoxicidade em células de mucosa oral nos indivíduos portadores independente da presença do vírus HIV.
DNA alterations can be observed using the micronucleus test, an important genotoxic biomonitoring tool. This study used exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa to assess in vivo whether or not people with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and those taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the possible alterations to their DNA. With regard to HIV carriers, the study involved 39 children and adolescents aged between 0 and 19 in a comparative (or cross-sectional), double-blind study. A total of 20 HIV-positive children taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 19 children and adolescents from the control group, matched for sex and age, were included. In the study involving adults, 37 individuals were examined, 17 of whom were in the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) group, who were using ART but did not have HIV, and 20 individuals in the control group, matched for age, sex and habits, in a comparative, double-blind study. The results showed that in the HIV group, the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) (p=0.05), binucleated cells (p=0.001) and nuclear sprouts (p=0.03) were higher than in the control group. In terms of cytotoxicity parameters, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of karyorrhoea (p=0.05). With regard to the PrEP group, the mutagenicity parameters were also increased, with a statistically significant difference for the frequencies of micronuclei (p=0.0001); binucleated cells (p=0.001); and nuclear sprouts (p=0.078). In terms of cytotoxicity parameters, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of karyorrhoea (p=0.001). In addition, the repair system index was analysed, represented by the formula (CL+CR)/(MN+NB), where both study groups showed lower repair capacity compared to the control group. In short, the continuous use of these antiretroviral drugs induces cytogenetic damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells in HIV-positive and non-HIV-positive individuals.
DNA alterations can be observed using the micronucleus test, an important genotoxic biomonitoring tool. This study used exfoliated cells from the buccal mucosa to assess in vivo whether or not people with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and those taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the possible alterations to their DNA. With regard to HIV carriers, the study involved 39 children and adolescents aged between 0 and 19 in a comparative (or cross-sectional), double-blind study. A total of 20 HIV-positive children taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 19 children and adolescents from the control group, matched for sex and age, were included. In the study involving adults, 37 individuals were examined, 17 of whom were in the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) group, who were using ART but did not have HIV, and 20 individuals in the control group, matched for age, sex and habits, in a comparative, double-blind study. The results showed that in the HIV group, the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) (p=0.05), binucleated cells (p=0.001) and nuclear sprouts (p=0.03) were higher than in the control group. In terms of cytotoxicity parameters, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of karyorrhoea (p=0.05). With regard to the PrEP group, the mutagenicity parameters were also increased, with a statistically significant difference for the frequencies of micronuclei (p=0.0001); binucleated cells (p=0.001); and nuclear sprouts (p=0.078). In terms of cytotoxicity parameters, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of karyorrhoea (p=0.001). In addition, the repair system index was analysed, represented by the formula (CL+CR)/(MN+NB), where both study groups showed lower repair capacity compared to the control group. In short, the continuous use of these antiretroviral drugs induces cytogenetic damage and cytotoxicity in oral mucosa cells in HIV-positive and non-HIV-positive individuals.
Descrição
Citação
ALPIRE, Maria Esther Suarez. Alterações citogenéticas em indivíduos que fazem uso de terapia antirretroviral, portadores ou não do vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). 2023. 71 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Santos, 2023.