Poluentes emergentes no meio ambiente: uma revisão da literatura
Data
2023-11-24
Autores
Garcia, Renan Affonso Salas 
Orientadores
Bresolin, Igor Tadeu Lazzarotto
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Nesse trabalho de conclusão de curso, aborda-se o crescimento dos estudos relacionados aos poluentes no meio ambiente e seus descartes, um panorama da evolução das Leis Federais brasileiras e seus órgãos competentes no combate à poluição aquática no país. Com aprofundamento na caracterização dos principais poluentes e seus aspectos de diferenciação e origens. A fim de estudar as diferenças entre poluentes e micropoluentes e estudar quais os principais micropoluentes emergentes, os impactos para o meio ambiente e população em um geral. Esse trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica de forma a evidenciar como os artigos científicos tratam o assunto de micropoluentes emergentes com o passar dos anos, como principal referência a base da Web of Science. Como objetivo principal do trabalho, buscou-se dois estudos de caso importantes para a sociedade, os compostos Azitromicina e Metformina, medicamentos largamente produzidos e consumidos nos dias atuais. Características, posologia, quantidades produzidas pela industria farmacêutica e resíduos, são pontos abordados de forma mais profunda. Ao final, se aborda as principais técnicas e tecnologias para remoção dos compostos estudados, assim como o papel do Engenheiro Químico na diminuição dos impactos ambientais promovidos por ambos compostos abordados. Conclui-se por meio deste trabalho que a legislação ambiental não aborda os micropoluentes diretamente e os métodos convencionais de tratamento de efluentes não é eficiente na remoção desses compostos, portanto os métodos da engenharia química abordados no trabalho são importantes para mudar esse cenário.
This final paper discusses the growth of studies related to pollutants in the environment and their disposal, an overview of the evolution of Brazilian Federal Laws and their competent bodies in the fight against water pollution in the country. The main pollutants will be characterized in depth, as well as their differentiation and origins. In order to study the differences between pollutants and micropollutants and to study the main emerging micropollutants, the impacts on the environment and the population in general. This work is a bibliographical review in order to show how scientific articles have dealt with the subject of emerging micropollutants over the years, with the Web of Science as the main reference. The main objective of the work was to look at two important case studies for society, the compounds Azithromycin and Metformin, medicines that are widely produced and consumed today. Characteristics, dosage, quantities produced by the pharmaceutical industry and waste are all points covered in greater depth. At the end, the main techniques and technologies for removing the compounds studied are discussed, as well as the role of the Chemical Engineer in reducing the environmental impact of both compounds. This paper concludes that environmental legislation does not directly address micropollutants and that conventional effluent treatment methods are not efficient at removing these compounds, so the chemical engineering methods discussed in the paper are important for changing this scenario.
This final paper discusses the growth of studies related to pollutants in the environment and their disposal, an overview of the evolution of Brazilian Federal Laws and their competent bodies in the fight against water pollution in the country. The main pollutants will be characterized in depth, as well as their differentiation and origins. In order to study the differences between pollutants and micropollutants and to study the main emerging micropollutants, the impacts on the environment and the population in general. This work is a bibliographical review in order to show how scientific articles have dealt with the subject of emerging micropollutants over the years, with the Web of Science as the main reference. The main objective of the work was to look at two important case studies for society, the compounds Azithromycin and Metformin, medicines that are widely produced and consumed today. Characteristics, dosage, quantities produced by the pharmaceutical industry and waste are all points covered in greater depth. At the end, the main techniques and technologies for removing the compounds studied are discussed, as well as the role of the Chemical Engineer in reducing the environmental impact of both compounds. This paper concludes that environmental legislation does not directly address micropollutants and that conventional effluent treatment methods are not efficient at removing these compounds, so the chemical engineering methods discussed in the paper are important for changing this scenario.