Limites e possibilidades da Economia Circular no mercado brasileiro de papelão com foco nos aparistas a partir da pandemia de Covid-19 (2020-2022)
Data
2023-12-06
Autores
Silva, Giovanna Victória Tosetti 
Orientadores
Tayra, Flávio
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os motivos para o crescimento do
mercado de embalagens durante a pandemia de Covid-19 na cadeia de papelão
ondulado, com ênfase na atuação dos aparistas – que comercializam resíduos,
aparas, da produção de papel – como agentes circulares essenciais nessa dinâmica.
A metodologia da pesquisa baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental,
utilizando uma abordagem de métodos mistos, dedicada a explorar dados
quantitativos e qualitativos. Para compor o arcabouço teórico, foi realizado um
levantamento na literatura das abordagens econômico-ambientais e econômicosociais, bem como uma pesquisa documental baseada nos relatórios técnicos do setor
de papelão; a fim de identificar, para além de uma percepção institucional do
segmento, os dados referentes a movimentos de oferta, demanda, comércio
internacional e precificação, que são concentrados entre os players. Os métodos
mistos foram adotados com o intuito de conferir complementaridade entre os
materiais, em uma estratégia de triangulação concomitante, dada a natureza híbrida
dos dados. O estudo busca entender o comportamento dos aparistas frente ao valor
geral atribuído à cadeia de embalagens e examina a hipótese de que o seu segmento
não foi beneficiado com o crescimento do mercado de embalagens, criando tensões
na circularidade do modelo econômico. A pesquisa aborda o paradoxo do aumento
das importações de aparas marrons no Brasil em um período de alta demanda por
aparas, questionando por que as oportunidades de fortalecer o setor nacional de
coleta e comercialização não foram plenamente aproveitadas. Adicionalmente, o
trabalho dá voz a atores sociais frequentemente negligenciados, como aparistas e
catadores, destacando a escassez de estudos que abordam seus desafios e
contribuições para a economia circular no contexto brasileiro, à luz de vertentes atuais
da teoria econômica. Por fim, o estudo evidencia que a pandemia acarretou mudanças
no setor de papelão, mas o aumento da demanda por embalagens não beneficiou o
setor de aparas devido a desequilíbrios na cadeia de reciclagem e desafios na
integração dos agentes, como aparistas e catadores; ressaltando a necessidade de
um diálogo contínuo e ações conjuntas entre todos os stakeholders para cultivar uma
Economia Circular que seja sustentável, inclusiva e adaptada à realidade brasileira.
This study aims to investigate the reasons for the growth of the packaging market during the Covid-19 pandemic on the corrugated cardboard chain, with emphasis on the role of aparistas – who sell paper scraps from paper production – as essential circular agents in this dynamic. The research methodology is based on bibliographic and documentary research, using a mixed methods approach, dedicated to exploring quantitative and qualitative data. To compose the theoretical framework, a survey was carried out in the literature of economic-environmental and economic-social approaches, as well as a documentary research based on the technical reports of the cardboard sector; in order to identify, in addition to an institutional perception of the segment, the data referring to movements of supply, demand, international trade and pricing, which are concentrated among the players. Mixed methods were adopted in order to provide complementarity between the materials, in a concomitant triangulation strategy, given the hybrid nature of the data. The study seeks to understand the behavior of aparistas in relation to the general value attributed to the packaging chain and examines the hypothesis that the trimming segment did not benefit from the growth of the packaging market, creating tensions in the circularity of the economic model. The research addresses the paradox of the increase in imports of brown paper scraps in Brazil in a period of high demand for them, questioning why the opportunities to strengthen the national collection and marketing sector were not fully exploited. In addition, the study gives voice to often neglected social actors, such as aparistas and waste pickers, highlighting the scarcity of studies that address their challenges and contributions to the Circular Economy in the Brazilian context, in the light of current strands of economic theory. Finally, the study shows that the pandemic has led to changes in the cardboard sector, but the increase in demand for packaging has not benefited the scrap sector due to imbalances in the recycling chain and challenges in the integration of agents, such as trimmers and collectors; emphasizing the need for continuous dialogue and joint actions among all stakeholders to cultivate a Circular Economy that is sustainable, inclusive and adapted to the Brazilian reality.
This study aims to investigate the reasons for the growth of the packaging market during the Covid-19 pandemic on the corrugated cardboard chain, with emphasis on the role of aparistas – who sell paper scraps from paper production – as essential circular agents in this dynamic. The research methodology is based on bibliographic and documentary research, using a mixed methods approach, dedicated to exploring quantitative and qualitative data. To compose the theoretical framework, a survey was carried out in the literature of economic-environmental and economic-social approaches, as well as a documentary research based on the technical reports of the cardboard sector; in order to identify, in addition to an institutional perception of the segment, the data referring to movements of supply, demand, international trade and pricing, which are concentrated among the players. Mixed methods were adopted in order to provide complementarity between the materials, in a concomitant triangulation strategy, given the hybrid nature of the data. The study seeks to understand the behavior of aparistas in relation to the general value attributed to the packaging chain and examines the hypothesis that the trimming segment did not benefit from the growth of the packaging market, creating tensions in the circularity of the economic model. The research addresses the paradox of the increase in imports of brown paper scraps in Brazil in a period of high demand for them, questioning why the opportunities to strengthen the national collection and marketing sector were not fully exploited. In addition, the study gives voice to often neglected social actors, such as aparistas and waste pickers, highlighting the scarcity of studies that address their challenges and contributions to the Circular Economy in the Brazilian context, in the light of current strands of economic theory. Finally, the study shows that the pandemic has led to changes in the cardboard sector, but the increase in demand for packaging has not benefited the scrap sector due to imbalances in the recycling chain and challenges in the integration of agents, such as trimmers and collectors; emphasizing the need for continuous dialogue and joint actions among all stakeholders to cultivate a Circular Economy that is sustainable, inclusive and adapted to the Brazilian reality.
Descrição
Citação
Silva, Giovanna Victória Tosetti. Limites e possibilidades da Economia Circular no mercado brasileiro de papelão com foco nos aparistas a partir da pandemia de Covid-19 (2020-2022). 2023. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Ciências Econômicas) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios, Osasco, 2023.