Avanços e limitações da produção, armazenamento e transporte de hidrogênio verde
Data
2023-07-07
Autores
Puga, Mariana dos Santos 
Orientadores
Asencios, Yvan Jesus Olortiga
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A busca por fontes limpas de energia e produção é um dos principais objetivos de países do mundo todo para a descarbonização da economia. Atualmente, diversas soluções estão sendo desenvolvidas para os problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos relacionados às emissões dos gases de efeito estufa. O hidrogênio verde apresenta-se como uma das tecnologias promissoras para atender as demandas energéticas e de processos produtivos de diversos setores da economia. O hidrogênio é o elemento químico mais abundante da superfície terrestre e encontra-se normalmente associado a compostos orgânicos como hidrocarbonetos, além disso se encontra formando as moléculas de água. Entretanto, para obtê-lo de maneira isolada é necessário extraí-lo de fontes como água, petróleo, gás natural, biogás, entre outras. O hidrogênio verde é aquele produzido a partir da eletrólise da água com energia oriunda de fontes renováveis. Ainda existem alguns desafios a serem superados para efetivamente atender as demandas das indústrias de produção de fertilizantes, petrolíferas, metalúrgicas e abastecimento de energia elétrica. Sendo assim, este trabalho aborda os avanços e as limitações para produção, armazenamento e transporte de hidrogênio verde, bem como, a produção científica através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Para a produção, o custo de energia renovável foi relevante, considerando apenas energia fotovoltaica/compra. O mapeamento de outras opções pode tornar a análise abrangente. A eletrólise da água está associada a maturidade da tecnologia e o custo dos eletrolisadores, compostos por metais de alto valor agregado. Assim, é necessário o desenvolvimento de novos materiais. Em relação ao armazenamento, a viabilidade tecno econômica da operação é onerosa. Tecnologias que possam superar estes desafios podem otimizar a cadeia de suprimentos. Diversos estudos consideraram o uso da malha de dutos existente para o transporte. Entretanto, como países estão sendo considerados potenciais pólos de exportação, esperava-se encontrar artigos que abordassem o transporte para longas distâncias.
The search for clean sources of energy and production is one of the main objectives of countries around the world for the decarbonization of the economy. Currently, several solutions are being developed for environmental, social, and economic problems related to greenhouse gas emissions. Green hydrogen presents itself as one of the promising technologies to meet the energy demands and production processes of various sectors of the economy. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element on the Earth's surface and is normally associated with organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, furthermore, hydrogen is part of water molecules. However, to obtain it in isolation, it is necessary to extract it from sources such as water, oil, natural gas, biogas, among others. Green hydrogen is produced from the electrolysis of water with energy from renewable sources. There are still some challenges to be overcome in order to effectively meet the demands of the fertilizer, oil, metallurgical, and electricity supply industries. Therefore, this work addresses the advances and limitations for the production, storage and transport of green hydrogen, as well as the international scientific production through a systematic literature review. For production, the cost of renewable energy was relevant, considering only photovoltaic energy/purchase. Mapping other options can make the analysis comprehensive. The electrolysis of water is associated with the maturity of technology and the cost of electrolysers, which are composed of high added value metals. Thus, the development of new materials is necessary. Regarding storage, the techno-economic viability of the operation is costly. Technologies that can overcome these challenges can optimize the supply chain. Several studies considered the use of the existing pipeline network for transportation. However, as countries are being considered potential export hubs, it was expected to find articles that addressed long-distance transport.
The search for clean sources of energy and production is one of the main objectives of countries around the world for the decarbonization of the economy. Currently, several solutions are being developed for environmental, social, and economic problems related to greenhouse gas emissions. Green hydrogen presents itself as one of the promising technologies to meet the energy demands and production processes of various sectors of the economy. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element on the Earth's surface and is normally associated with organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, furthermore, hydrogen is part of water molecules. However, to obtain it in isolation, it is necessary to extract it from sources such as water, oil, natural gas, biogas, among others. Green hydrogen is produced from the electrolysis of water with energy from renewable sources. There are still some challenges to be overcome in order to effectively meet the demands of the fertilizer, oil, metallurgical, and electricity supply industries. Therefore, this work addresses the advances and limitations for the production, storage and transport of green hydrogen, as well as the international scientific production through a systematic literature review. For production, the cost of renewable energy was relevant, considering only photovoltaic energy/purchase. Mapping other options can make the analysis comprehensive. The electrolysis of water is associated with the maturity of technology and the cost of electrolysers, which are composed of high added value metals. Thus, the development of new materials is necessary. Regarding storage, the techno-economic viability of the operation is costly. Technologies that can overcome these challenges can optimize the supply chain. Several studies considered the use of the existing pipeline network for transportation. However, as countries are being considered potential export hubs, it was expected to find articles that addressed long-distance transport.
Descrição
Citação
PUGA, Mariana dos Santos. Avanços e limitações da produção, armazenamento e transporte de hidrogênio verde. 2023. 22 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.