Qualidade da água do Complexo Billings (SP): avaliação do efeito do córrego Grota Funda no Corpo Central I
Data
2023-01-03
Autores
Bramante, Gabriela Colosso 
Orientadores
Nordi, Cristina Souza Freire
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O reservatório Billings é um dos maiores e mais importantes da Região Metropolitana de São
Paulo (RMSP). Suas águas têm uso bastante diversificado, provendo desde abastecimento de
água, geração de energia, controle de inundações, irrigação e atividades de recreação. A
ocupação antrópica irregular de suas margens e reversão do Rio Pinheiros, tem contribuído para
a deterioração da qualidade das águas da Represa. Vários estudos realizados têm revelado a
crescente eutrofização do reservatório, demonstrando que as fontes antrópicas influenciam
grandemente o estado ambiental desta. Uma das consequências da eutrofização, é a proliferação
de cianobactérias, podendo formar florações, ou seja, um crescimento desenfreado da
população de algumas espécies de cianobactérias, são favorecidas principalmente pelo aumento
das concentrações de fósforo e nitrogênio. O Córrego Grota Funda, recebe efluentes de vários
bairros de Diadema e em seguida, deságua na Billings, podendo causar um impacto negativo na
represa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do córrego Grota funda desde
sua entrada na represa até o Corpo Central I da Represa Billings. Para tanto, foram coletadas
amostras no estrato superficial de vários parâmetros físicos (pH, condutividade elétrica,
oxigênio dissolvido e temperatura), químicas (nitrato, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal, ortofosfato
e fósforo total) e biológica ( clorofila-a) em quatro pontos diferentes na represa, sendo o último
ponto localizado no Corpo Central I. Também foram coletadas amostras de água no Córrego
Grota Funda, antes do desague de sua água na represa. As variações dos parâmetros analisados
entre os pontos de coleta evidenciaram a influência negativa do Córrego Grota Funda na
qualidade da água do Corpo Central I da Represa Billings. Essa influência também pode ser
observada a partir dos valores obtidos pelo Índice de Estado Trófico que revelou que essa porção
da represa é hpereutrófica evidenciando a degradação da qualidade das águas neste
compartimento da represa. Este trabalho também teve como objetivo verificar a influência da
sazonalidade, porém essa influência não foi significativa -em todos os fatores, exceto para
oxigênio dissolvido, nitrato, nitrogênio amoniacal e ortofosfato.
The Billings reservoir is one of the largest and most important in the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, has its waters of very diverse use, providing water supply, power generation, flood control and irrigation to recreation activities. The irregular anthropic occupation of its banks and reversal of the Pinheiros River, has contributed to the deterioration of the water quality of the reservoir. Several studies have revealed the increasing eutrophication of the reservoir, demonstrating that anthropic sources greatly influence the environmental status of the reservoir. One of the consequences of eutrophication is the proliferation of cyanobacteria, which can form cyanobacteria blooms, that is, a rampant population growth of some cyanobacteria species, mainly favored by increased phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. Research conducted in Central Body I found a negative impact of the Grota Funda Stream on the water quality of Billings Central Body I, since the Stream receives effluents from neighborhoods of Diadema, where it is located, and then it waters down in Billings. This work aimed to study the effect of the Grota deepstream in the Central Body I of the Billings reservoir. Samples were collected in the surface stratum of various physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature), chemical (nitrate, nitrite, ammoniacal nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus) and biological (chlorophyll-a) at four different points in the Reservoir, the last point being located in Central Body I. Water samples were also collected in the Grota Funda Stream before the desague of its water in the Reservoir. The variations of the parameters analyzed between the collection points were significant, evidencing the negative influence of the Grota Funda Stream on the water quality of Central Body I of the Billings Reservoir. This influence can also be observed from the values ofTrophic State Index, which revealed that this part of the dam is hpereutrophic, evidencing the degradation of water quality in this dam compartment. This study also aimed to verify the influence of seasonality, but this influence was not significant in some factors except dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and orthophosphate.
The Billings reservoir is one of the largest and most important in the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, has its waters of very diverse use, providing water supply, power generation, flood control and irrigation to recreation activities. The irregular anthropic occupation of its banks and reversal of the Pinheiros River, has contributed to the deterioration of the water quality of the reservoir. Several studies have revealed the increasing eutrophication of the reservoir, demonstrating that anthropic sources greatly influence the environmental status of the reservoir. One of the consequences of eutrophication is the proliferation of cyanobacteria, which can form cyanobacteria blooms, that is, a rampant population growth of some cyanobacteria species, mainly favored by increased phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. Research conducted in Central Body I found a negative impact of the Grota Funda Stream on the water quality of Billings Central Body I, since the Stream receives effluents from neighborhoods of Diadema, where it is located, and then it waters down in Billings. This work aimed to study the effect of the Grota deepstream in the Central Body I of the Billings reservoir. Samples were collected in the surface stratum of various physical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature), chemical (nitrate, nitrite, ammoniacal nitrogen, orthophosphate and total phosphorus) and biological (chlorophyll-a) at four different points in the Reservoir, the last point being located in Central Body I. Water samples were also collected in the Grota Funda Stream before the desague of its water in the Reservoir. The variations of the parameters analyzed between the collection points were significant, evidencing the negative influence of the Grota Funda Stream on the water quality of Central Body I of the Billings Reservoir. This influence can also be observed from the values ofTrophic State Index, which revealed that this part of the dam is hpereutrophic, evidencing the degradation of water quality in this dam compartment. This study also aimed to verify the influence of seasonality, but this influence was not significant in some factors except dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and orthophosphate.