Avaliação de metodologias para confecção de hidrogéis e filmes de queratina incorporados com lanolina
Data
2022-12-14
Autores
Passos, Bárbara Morales 
Monte, Larissa Fidelis
Orientadores
Moraes, Mariana Agostini de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A expansão da ovinocaprinocultura tem um enorme impacto ambiental devido a quantidade de resíduos produzidos sem destinação adequada. Entre eles está a lã de ovelha, material rico em queratina. Além disso, como um subproduto proveniente das glândulas sebáceas dos ovinos e muito utilizada em cosméticos e fármacos, a partir da cera de lã bruta é possível obter a lanolina. A lanolina tem diversos benefícios, como a prevenção e tratamento de fissuras mamárias causadas pela amamentação. Assim, visando agregar valor a estes resíduos, o presente projeto estudou metodologias de fabricação de hidrogéis e filmes a partir de queratina com incorporação de lanolina, tendo como alvo o desenvolvimento de um material para tratamento de fissuras mamárias totalmente proveniente da lã de ovelha. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foi realizada a caracterização da matéria-prima quanto ao seu teor de umidade, lipídeos e proteínas totais, assim como a extração da queratina da lã de ovelhas. A extração de queratina foi realizada utilizando ácido tioglicólico e cloridrato de L-cisteína. Para formação do hidrogel foram testadas as metodologias utilizando sonda de ultrassom, diálise com água destilada, agitação mecânica com etanol 70% e congelamento. Porém, para todas as metodologias, a solução se manteve em estado líquido, não sendo observado a formação de hidrogel. Também foram testadas a formação de filmes de queratina pela técnica de espalhamento em placas de poliestireno (casting) com adição de glicerol na proporção 0,30 g glicerol/g queratina. Os filmes foram analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, análises térmicas e espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier com reflexão total atenuada. Em relação a análise morfológica, os filmes obtidos a partir da metodologia utilizando ácido tioglicólico apresentaram uma menor quantidade de fissuras, com espessura de 33,3 μm, e foram menos quebradiços quando comparados aos filmes obtidos utilizando o cloridrato de L-cisteína (espessura de 44,8 μm). Visando incorporar a lanolina aos filmes, foi testada sua solubilidade em glicerol com e sem Tween, etanol e óleo de girassol, no qual o óleo de girassol apresentou a melhor solubilidade. Dessa forma, foi possível realizar a confecção do filme de queratina e analisar formas de incorporar a lanolina, que poderão ser estudados futuramente para diversas aplicações.
The expansion of sheep and goat farming has a huge environmental impact due to the amount of waste produced without proper destination. Among them is sheep's wool, a material rich in keratin. In addition, as a by-product from the sebaceous glands of sheep and widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, lanolin can be obtained from raw wool wax. Lanolin has several benefits, such as preventing and treating breast clefts caused by breastfeeding. Thus, in order to add value to these residues, the present project studied methodologies for the manufacture of hydrogels and films from keratin with incorporation of lanolin, aiming at the development of a material for the treatment of breast fissures entirely derived from sheep's wool. In the first stage of the work, the characterization of the raw material was carried out regarding its moisture content, lipids and total proteins, as well as the extraction of keratin from sheep's wool. Keratin extraction was performed using thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride. For hydrogel formation, the methodologies were tested using an ultrasound probe, dialysis with distilled water, mechanical agitation with 70% ethanol and freezing. However, for all methodologies, the solution remained in a liquid state, and hydrogel formation was not observed. The formation of keratin films by the scattering technique on polystyrene plates (casting) with the addition of glycerol in the proportion of 0.30 g glycerol/g keratin was also tested. The films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection. Regarding the morphological analysis, the films obtained from the methodology using thioglycolic acid showed a smaller amount of cracks, with a thickness of 33.3 μm, and were less brittle when compared to the films obtained using L-cysteine hydrochloride (thickness of 44.8 μm). In order to incorporate lanolin into the films, its solubility was tested in glycerol with and without Tween, ethanol and sunflower oil, in which sunflower oil showed the best solubility. In this way, it was possible to make the keratin film and analyze ways to incorporate lanolin, which could be studied in the future for various applications.
The expansion of sheep and goat farming has a huge environmental impact due to the amount of waste produced without proper destination. Among them is sheep's wool, a material rich in keratin. In addition, as a by-product from the sebaceous glands of sheep and widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, lanolin can be obtained from raw wool wax. Lanolin has several benefits, such as preventing and treating breast clefts caused by breastfeeding. Thus, in order to add value to these residues, the present project studied methodologies for the manufacture of hydrogels and films from keratin with incorporation of lanolin, aiming at the development of a material for the treatment of breast fissures entirely derived from sheep's wool. In the first stage of the work, the characterization of the raw material was carried out regarding its moisture content, lipids and total proteins, as well as the extraction of keratin from sheep's wool. Keratin extraction was performed using thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine hydrochloride. For hydrogel formation, the methodologies were tested using an ultrasound probe, dialysis with distilled water, mechanical agitation with 70% ethanol and freezing. However, for all methodologies, the solution remained in a liquid state, and hydrogel formation was not observed. The formation of keratin films by the scattering technique on polystyrene plates (casting) with the addition of glycerol in the proportion of 0.30 g glycerol/g keratin was also tested. The films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection. Regarding the morphological analysis, the films obtained from the methodology using thioglycolic acid showed a smaller amount of cracks, with a thickness of 33.3 μm, and were less brittle when compared to the films obtained using L-cysteine hydrochloride (thickness of 44.8 μm). In order to incorporate lanolin into the films, its solubility was tested in glycerol with and without Tween, ethanol and sunflower oil, in which sunflower oil showed the best solubility. In this way, it was possible to make the keratin film and analyze ways to incorporate lanolin, which could be studied in the future for various applications.