Acesso à saúde: experiências e percepções de moradores do território e de trabalhadores de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
Data
2023-01-20
Autores
Schneider Filho, Douglas Augusto [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Mendes, Rosilda [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O direito à saúde foi inscrito na Constituição Brasileira de 1988, como produto das lutas sociais dos brasileiros pela reforma sanitária. Ao legitimar esse direito, a Constituição adotou um conceito ampliado de saúde, incorporando uma dimensão relacionada com a implementação de políticas públicas para a redução do risco de doenças e de outros agravos, e outra que contempla o acesso universal e igualitário às ações para sua promoção, proteção e recuperação, através do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A concretização desses direitos no cotidiano da sociedade tem caráter processual, mas até aqui, decorridos 34 anos de aprovação da Constituição de 1988, são notórias as desigualdades nas condições de saúde entre os diferentes grupos sociais e entre as regiões brasileiras, assim como são grandes as desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde do SUS. Esta pesquisa buscou analisar o acesso à saúde pelos moradores da área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) Vila Nova York, localizada no Distrito Administrativo de Aricanduva, na cidade de São Paulo. A metodologia é qualitativa e os dados foram produzidos a partir das experiências e percepções de moradores do território e de trabalhadores da Unidade, captadas em 22 entrevistas semiestruturadas com moradores e em três Rodas de Conversa com um grupo de trabalhadores, além de registros feitos em Diários de Campo. Os resultados são apresentados segundo quatro categorias: “o acesso à UBS Vila Nova York – há de fato barreiras?”, “o acesso à UBS Vila Nova York: a atenção às diferentes necessidades e demandas dos moradores”, “o papel dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) como mediadores do acesso à UBS” e “há mesmo usuários e não usuários da UBS?” Eles indicam um bom nível de acesso da população ao serviço, com diversas iniciativas da Unidade para potencializar esse acesso, além de evidenciarem vínculos sólidos entre os trabalhadores da UBS, especialmente os ACS, e os moradores. Os resultados colocam em questão os conceitos de “usuário” e “não usuário” da UBS, sinalizando, na verdade, a existência de diversos padrões de utilização do serviço pelos moradores. A pesquisa propiciou a apresentação e discussão de aspectos relevantes do trabalho da UBS, que tem o tema do acesso no centro da sua agenda de discussões, e que tem operado constantes mudanças nos seus processos de trabalho com o objetivo de estreitar relações com os moradores da sua área de responsabilidade. A pesquisa também propiciou o levantamento de questões relevantes sobre o universo dos moradores da área, suas expectativas e suas formas de relacionamento com a Unidade de Saúde e com seus profissionais.
The right to Health was inscribed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, as a product of the social struggles of Brazilians for health reform. By legitimizing this right, the Constitution adopted an expanded concept of health, incorporating one dimension related to the implementation of public policies to reduce the risk of diseases and other injuries, and another that contemplates universal and equal access to actions for its promotion, protection, and recovery, through the Unified Health System (SUS). The realization of these rights in society's daily life has a procedural nature, but so far, 34 years after the approval of the 1988 Constitution, the inequalities in health conditions between different social groups and between Brazilian regions are notorious, as well as the great inequalities in access to SUS health services. This research sought to analyze access to health by residents of the area covered by the Basic Health Unit (UBS) Vila Nova York, located in the Administrative District of Aricanduva, in the city of São Paulo. The methodology is qualitative, and the data were produced from the experiences and perceptions of residents of the territory and workers at the Unit, captured in 22 semi-structured interviews with residents and in three rounds of conversation with a group of workers, in addition to records made in a Field Journal. The results are presented according to four categories: “access to UBS Vila Nova York – are there really barriers?”, “access to UBS Vila Nova York: attention to the different needs and demands of residents”, “the role of Community Agents (ACS) as mediators of access to the UBS” and “are there really users and non-users of the UBS?” They indicate a good level of access by the population to the service, with several initiatives by the Unit to enhance this access, in addition to showing solid links between UBS workers, especially the ACS, and residents. The results call into question the concepts of “user” and “non-user” of the UBS, actually signaling the existence of different patterns of use of the service by residents. The research allowed for the presentation and discussion of relevant aspects of the work at the UBS, which has the issue of access at the center of its discussion agenda, and which has operated changes in its work processes with the aim of strengthening relations with the residents of its area of responsibility. The research also allowed for the raising of relevant questions about the universe of residents of the area, their expectations and their forms of relationship with the Health Unit and its professionals.
The right to Health was inscribed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, as a product of the social struggles of Brazilians for health reform. By legitimizing this right, the Constitution adopted an expanded concept of health, incorporating one dimension related to the implementation of public policies to reduce the risk of diseases and other injuries, and another that contemplates universal and equal access to actions for its promotion, protection, and recovery, through the Unified Health System (SUS). The realization of these rights in society's daily life has a procedural nature, but so far, 34 years after the approval of the 1988 Constitution, the inequalities in health conditions between different social groups and between Brazilian regions are notorious, as well as the great inequalities in access to SUS health services. This research sought to analyze access to health by residents of the area covered by the Basic Health Unit (UBS) Vila Nova York, located in the Administrative District of Aricanduva, in the city of São Paulo. The methodology is qualitative, and the data were produced from the experiences and perceptions of residents of the territory and workers at the Unit, captured in 22 semi-structured interviews with residents and in three rounds of conversation with a group of workers, in addition to records made in a Field Journal. The results are presented according to four categories: “access to UBS Vila Nova York – are there really barriers?”, “access to UBS Vila Nova York: attention to the different needs and demands of residents”, “the role of Community Agents (ACS) as mediators of access to the UBS” and “are there really users and non-users of the UBS?” They indicate a good level of access by the population to the service, with several initiatives by the Unit to enhance this access, in addition to showing solid links between UBS workers, especially the ACS, and residents. The results call into question the concepts of “user” and “non-user” of the UBS, actually signaling the existence of different patterns of use of the service by residents. The research allowed for the presentation and discussion of relevant aspects of the work at the UBS, which has the issue of access at the center of its discussion agenda, and which has operated changes in its work processes with the aim of strengthening relations with the residents of its area of responsibility. The research also allowed for the raising of relevant questions about the universe of residents of the area, their expectations and their forms of relationship with the Health Unit and its professionals.
Descrição
Citação
SCHNEIDER FILHO, Douglas Augusto. Acesso à saúde: experiências e percepções de moradores do território e de trabalhadores de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. 2023. 118 p. Dissertação (Mestrado profissional em Saúde da Família),
Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Santos, 2023.