Trabalho infantojuvenil no Brasil: Da escravização à contemporaneidade
Data
2023-01-20
Autores
Domingues, Vanessa da Silva 
Orientadores
Arruda, Daniel Péricles
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Partimos da compreensão de que o trabalho infantojuvenil se refere a toda e qualquer atividade laboral desempenhada por crianças e adolescentes que não esteja de acordo com os marcos regulatórios e que os prive de desfrutar da condição peculiar de sujeito em desenvolvimento. Desde o período colonial, crianças, principalmente indígenas e africanas, foram colocadas à força em condições extremamente precárias de trabalho, as quais comprometeram suas histórias de vida. Ao contrário do que se pensa, a abolição da escravização não foi capaz de promover mudanças efetivas nas condições de vida dos sujeitos, relegando as crianças pobres que, em sua maioria são negras, à institucionalização e à venda forçada de sua mão de obra, com vistas a garantir a “ordem social” e o disciplinamento destes sujeitos. Apesar dos avanços legais em relação a esta prática, crianças e adolescentes continuam submetidos a este fenômeno. De acordo com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD Contínua), 1,8 milhão de crianças e adolescentes estavam em condição de trabalho infantil em 2019 (IBGE, 2020). Deste total, 66,1% eram pretos ou pardos, o que impossibilita que este tema seja analisado de forma genérica, desprezando esses dados. Buscamos, portanto, desenvolver a pesquisa a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: quais as abordagens das últimas produções acerca do trabalho infantojuvenil desempenhado preponderantemente por crianças e adolescentes negros no Brasil? Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em três bases de dados, tendo como palavras-chave: trabalho infantil; trabalho infantil negro; trabalho infantojuvenil; trabalho infantojuvenil negro. Ao longo das pesquisas, pudemos observar um incipiente número de trabalhos que abordam de forma efetiva a questão étnico-racial atrelada a este fenômeno, denotando a importância de que mais estudos sejam desenvolvidos, problematizando essa prática e as razões de termos, ainda hoje, principalmente crianças e adolescentes negros submetidos a esta prática.
We start from the understanding that childjuvenile work refers to all labor activity performed by children and teenagers who are not following regulatory frameworks and that deprive them of enjoying the peculiar condition of a subject in development. Since the colonial period, children, mainly indigenous and African, have been forced into very precarious working conditions, which has compromised their life stories. Contrary to what is thought, the abolition of slavery was not able to promote effective changes in the living conditions of the subjects, relegating the poor children who are mainly black, the institutionalization and forced sale of their labor, to ensure the "social order" and the discipline of these subjects. Despite legal advances concerning this practice, children and adolescents remain subject to this phenomenon. According to data from the National Household Sample Survey (Continuous PNAD), 1.8 million children and adolescents were in child labor conditions in 2019 (IBGE, 2020). Of this total, 66.1% were black or brown, which makes it impossible for this theme to be analyzed generically, disregarding this data. We, therefore, seek to develop the research from the following guiding question: what are the approaches of the latest productions about the childjuvenile work carried out predominantly by black children and adolescents in Brazil? To this end, we conducted bibliographic and documentary research in three databases, having keywords: child labor; black child labor; child and youth work; black child and youth work. It was able to observe throughout the research, an incipient number of works that effectively address the ethnicracial issue linked to this phenomenon, which denotes the importance of more studies being developed problematizing this practice and the reasons for terms, even today, mainly black children and teenagers submitted to this practice.
We start from the understanding that childjuvenile work refers to all labor activity performed by children and teenagers who are not following regulatory frameworks and that deprive them of enjoying the peculiar condition of a subject in development. Since the colonial period, children, mainly indigenous and African, have been forced into very precarious working conditions, which has compromised their life stories. Contrary to what is thought, the abolition of slavery was not able to promote effective changes in the living conditions of the subjects, relegating the poor children who are mainly black, the institutionalization and forced sale of their labor, to ensure the "social order" and the discipline of these subjects. Despite legal advances concerning this practice, children and adolescents remain subject to this phenomenon. According to data from the National Household Sample Survey (Continuous PNAD), 1.8 million children and adolescents were in child labor conditions in 2019 (IBGE, 2020). Of this total, 66.1% were black or brown, which makes it impossible for this theme to be analyzed generically, disregarding this data. We, therefore, seek to develop the research from the following guiding question: what are the approaches of the latest productions about the childjuvenile work carried out predominantly by black children and adolescents in Brazil? To this end, we conducted bibliographic and documentary research in three databases, having keywords: child labor; black child labor; child and youth work; black child and youth work. It was able to observe throughout the research, an incipient number of works that effectively address the ethnicracial issue linked to this phenomenon, which denotes the importance of more studies being developed problematizing this practice and the reasons for terms, even today, mainly black children and teenagers submitted to this practice.
Descrição
Citação
DOMINGUES, Vanessa da Silva. Trabalho infantojuvenil no Brasil: Da escravização à contemporaneidade. 2023. 69 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Serviço Social) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.