Avaliação da qualidade da água do Rio do Peixe - Guarujá/SP
Data
2023-01-13
Autores
Rotta, Augusto Lira 
Orientadores
Perpetuo, Elen Aquino
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O município de Guarujá, localizado na Baixada Santista - SP, vem sofrendo diversas
pressões ambientais, com destaque para contaminação dos corpos hídricos.
Atualmente, o município apresenta índice de coleta de esgoto em 70%, o que
levanta a hipótese de descarte indevido no mar e em rios da região. Em janeiro de
2019 houve denúncia por parte dos moradores do bairro Perequê sobre o alto grau
de poluição no Rio do Peixe. O presente trabalho avaliou a qualidade da água do
Rio do Peixe, na região do Perequê, no período de verão do ano de 2022, através
de 3 campanhas de coleta de água. Foram realizadas coletas em 13 pontos
amostrais para análises físico-químicas: temperatura, turbidez, pH, oxigênio
dissolvido (OD), condutividade elétrica (CE), nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (FT),
demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO),
sólidos totais (ST) e carbono orgânico total (COT), e análises microbiológicas:
coliformes termotolerantes e presença de E. coli. Os resultados foram comparados
com os padrões de qualidade da água apresentados no Decreto Estadual 8.468/76 e
na Resolução CONAMA 357/05 e 430/11. Foi calculado o Índice de Qualidade da
Água (IQA - CETESB), largamente utilizado para medir a qualidade dos corpos
hídricos no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram valores de OD extremamente baixos,
entre 0,2 e 3,8 mg/L, apresentando estado de hipóxia no rio. Os valores de DBO
obtidos foram entre 2 e 92 mg/L, e COT entre 8 e 64 mg/L, indicando grande
quantidade de matéria orgânica presente na água. As concentrações de NT
estiveram entre 0,5 e 13,1 mg/L e FT entre 0,26 e 1,15 mg/L. As análises de
coliformes termotolerantes estiveram entre 3, 3𝑥10(9) e NMP/100mL, acima do 9 7𝑥10(13)
limite, com confirmação da presença de E. coli em todos os pontos, sugerindo a
contaminação do rio por esgoto. Os IQAs apresentaram índices entre ruim e regular.
Os resultados deste trabalho pretendem ajudar na caracterização das fontes e na
quantificação do nível de poluição no Rio do Peixe, dando suporte ao município para
que proponham-se políticas públicas e ações a fim de mitigar os danos ecológicos e
ambientais.
The municipality of Guarujá, located in Baixada Santista - SP, has been suffering from various environmental pressures, with emphasis on the contamination of water bodies. Currently, the municipality has a wastewater collection rate of 70%, which raises the hypothesis of improper disposal in the sea and rivers in the region. In January 2019, residents of the Perequê neighborhood reported the high degree of pollution in Rio do Peixe. The present work evaluated the water quality of the Rio do Peixe, in the Perequê region, in the summer period of the year 2022, through 3 water sample campaigns. It were define 13 sample points for physical-chemical analysis: temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total solids (TS) and total organic carbon (TOC), and microbiological analysis: thermotolerant coliforms and presence of E. coli. The results were compared with the water quality standards presented in Decreto Estadual 8.468/76 and Resolução CONAMA 357/05 and 430/11. The Water Quality Index (WQI - CETESB) was calculated. This index is widely used to measure the quality of water bodies in Brazil. The results showed extremely low DO values, between 0.2 and 3.8 mg/L, showing a state of hypoxia in the river. The BOD values obtained were between 2 and 92 mg/L, and TOC between 8 and 64 mg/L, indicating a large amount of organic matter present in the water. TN concentrations were between 0.5 and 13.1 mg/L and TP between 0.26 and 1.15 mg/L. The analysis of thermotolerant coliforms were between 3, 3𝑥10(9) e MPN/100mL, above the limit, with confirmation of 9 7𝑥10(13) the presence of E. coli at all points, suggesting contamination of the river by sewage. The WQIs presented rates between poor and regular. The results of this work intend to help in the characterization of the sources and in the quantification of the level of pollution in the Rio do Peixe, supporting the municipality in proposing public policies and actions in order to mitigate ecological and environmental damage.
The municipality of Guarujá, located in Baixada Santista - SP, has been suffering from various environmental pressures, with emphasis on the contamination of water bodies. Currently, the municipality has a wastewater collection rate of 70%, which raises the hypothesis of improper disposal in the sea and rivers in the region. In January 2019, residents of the Perequê neighborhood reported the high degree of pollution in Rio do Peixe. The present work evaluated the water quality of the Rio do Peixe, in the Perequê region, in the summer period of the year 2022, through 3 water sample campaigns. It were define 13 sample points for physical-chemical analysis: temperature, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total solids (TS) and total organic carbon (TOC), and microbiological analysis: thermotolerant coliforms and presence of E. coli. The results were compared with the water quality standards presented in Decreto Estadual 8.468/76 and Resolução CONAMA 357/05 and 430/11. The Water Quality Index (WQI - CETESB) was calculated. This index is widely used to measure the quality of water bodies in Brazil. The results showed extremely low DO values, between 0.2 and 3.8 mg/L, showing a state of hypoxia in the river. The BOD values obtained were between 2 and 92 mg/L, and TOC between 8 and 64 mg/L, indicating a large amount of organic matter present in the water. TN concentrations were between 0.5 and 13.1 mg/L and TP between 0.26 and 1.15 mg/L. The analysis of thermotolerant coliforms were between 3, 3𝑥10(9) e MPN/100mL, above the limit, with confirmation of 9 7𝑥10(13) the presence of E. coli at all points, suggesting contamination of the river by sewage. The WQIs presented rates between poor and regular. The results of this work intend to help in the characterization of the sources and in the quantification of the level of pollution in the Rio do Peixe, supporting the municipality in proposing public policies and actions in order to mitigate ecological and environmental damage.
Descrição
Citação
ROTTA, Augusto Lira. Avaliação da qualidade da água do Rio do Peixe - Guarujá/SP. 2023. 67 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2023.