A importância dos benefícios secundários no tratamento da dependência de substâncias psicoativas
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Data
2021-12-01
Autores
Silva, Thiago Rovai [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Solange, Aparecida Nappo [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Introdução: Análise das políticas públicas no Brasil, ao longo do tempo, mostra que estas sempre foram focadas no proibicionismo. Por um momento foi incorporada à política a redução de danos, mas que foi excluída na versão da política atual. Os tratamentos disponíveis, por sua vez, privilegiam a internação e a abstinência, ignorando a voz do paciente, com índices baixos de sucesso a partir dessa perspectiva. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar quais são os parâmetros de sucesso de um tratamento considerados pelo profissional que lida com dependente de substâncias, pelos familiares desses dependentes e pelos próprios pacientes. A pesquisa investiga ainda se ganhos secundários provenientes do tratamento, não relacionados às metas definidas por essas populações específicas, são levados em conta. Método: Foram utilizados os princípios da metodologia qualitativa: amostra intencional, entrevistas, saturação teórica. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com o recomendado pela Análise de Conteúdo. O N da amostra foi constituído de: 41 profissionais, 11 familiares, 15 dependentes. Resultados: Os parâmetros de sucesso para a amostra de profissionais vão desde a abstinência até discernimento nas escolhas, bom entrosamento com família e amigos, etc. Parâmetros que são similares ao que os familiares também esperam. Os dependentes também concordam com os mesmos pontos de sucesso. Conclusão: Os componentes das três amostras focam em expectativas ousadas e de difícil alcance para qualquer pessoa. Por outro lado, não consideram os benefícios secundários proporcionados pelos tratamentos como aumento do cuidado com a saúde e mudanças na forma de lidar com os prazeres e as dificuldades, assim como a descoberta de capacidades e de novos prazeres e a melhora do autoconhecimento. O destaque que dão à abstinência os impede de perceber os ganhos que um tratamento tem na vida dos indivíduos dependentes e de seus familiares.
Objective: Analysis of public policies in Brazil, over time, show that they have always been focused on prohibitionist. Harm reduction was incorporated into the policy for a moment, but that has already been dropped in the current policy version. Available treatments, in turn, favor hospitalization and abstinence, ignoring the patient's voice, with low success rates from this perspective. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the parameters of success of a treatment considered by professionals who deal with substance abusers, by the families of these addicts and by the patients themselves. The research also investigates whether secondary gains from treatment, unrelated to the goals defined by these specific populations, are taken into account. Methods: The principles of qualitative methodology were used: intentional sample, interviews, theoretical saturation. Data were analysed as recommended by Content Analysis. The N of the sample consisted of: 41 professionals, 11 family members, 15 dependents. The objective of this study was to identify the parameters of success of a treatment considered by professionals who deal with substance abusers, by the families of these addicts and by the patients themselves. The research also investigates whether secondary gains from treatment, unrelated to the goals defined by these specific populations, are taken into account. Results: The success parameters for the sample of professionals range from abstinence to discernment in choices, good rapport with family and friends, etc. Parameters that are similar to what family members also expect. Dependents also agree on the same points of success. Conclusions: The components of the three samples focus on bold and hard-to-reach expectations for anyone. On the other hand, they do not consider the secondary benefits provided by treatments such as increased health care and changes in the way of dealing with pleasures and difficulties, as well as the discovery of capabilities and new pleasures and the improvement of self-knowledge. The emphasis they place on abstinence prevents them from noticing the benefits that a treatment has in the lives of dependent individuals and their families.
Objective: Analysis of public policies in Brazil, over time, show that they have always been focused on prohibitionist. Harm reduction was incorporated into the policy for a moment, but that has already been dropped in the current policy version. Available treatments, in turn, favor hospitalization and abstinence, ignoring the patient's voice, with low success rates from this perspective. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the parameters of success of a treatment considered by professionals who deal with substance abusers, by the families of these addicts and by the patients themselves. The research also investigates whether secondary gains from treatment, unrelated to the goals defined by these specific populations, are taken into account. Methods: The principles of qualitative methodology were used: intentional sample, interviews, theoretical saturation. Data were analysed as recommended by Content Analysis. The N of the sample consisted of: 41 professionals, 11 family members, 15 dependents. The objective of this study was to identify the parameters of success of a treatment considered by professionals who deal with substance abusers, by the families of these addicts and by the patients themselves. The research also investigates whether secondary gains from treatment, unrelated to the goals defined by these specific populations, are taken into account. Results: The success parameters for the sample of professionals range from abstinence to discernment in choices, good rapport with family and friends, etc. Parameters that are similar to what family members also expect. Dependents also agree on the same points of success. Conclusions: The components of the three samples focus on bold and hard-to-reach expectations for anyone. On the other hand, they do not consider the secondary benefits provided by treatments such as increased health care and changes in the way of dealing with pleasures and difficulties, as well as the discovery of capabilities and new pleasures and the improvement of self-knowledge. The emphasis they place on abstinence prevents them from noticing the benefits that a treatment has in the lives of dependent individuals and their families.