Distúrbios visuais e desequilíbrios posturais: uma revisão de escopo
Date
2022-01-27
Authors
Tseng, Tereza [UNIFESP]
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Cockell, Fernanda Flávia [UNIFESP]
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Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Abstract
Os períodos de transição entre a infância e a adolescência, no decorrer do processo de desenvolvimento e produção social do corpo apresentam-se como fatores complexos que podem contribuir para o aparecimento de problemas posturais e visuais. Os distúrbios visuais, posturais e as dores crônicas associadas a eles tornaram-se problemas de saúde pública devido ao seu ônus econômico e social. Além de altamente prevalentes na fase infanto-juvenil, tais distúrbios são responsáveis pela redução da qualidade de vida, bem como pelo risco aumentado de evoluir para escoliose e cegueira quando nãotratados e, por isso, carecem de estratégias preventivas. Com o objetivo de identificar a literatura existente e as principais lacunas relacionadas a este tema, realizamos uma revisão de escopo com os termos “Child”, “Adolescent”, “Vision Disorders” e “Posture” nas seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, PMC, BIREME, PEDro e Cochrane, assim como na literatura cinzenta: CAPES e Open Grey. Foram encontrados no total 16698 citações referentes à comprometimentos visuais e posturais. Todavia, apenas foram selecionados 51 estudos publicados nos anos de 1982 a 2021. Dentre eles, houve 48 estudos primários, subdivididos em observacionais (n= 42) e experimentais (n= 6), e 3 artigos secundários. Os participantes desses estudos foram principalmente crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam distúrbios visuais (erros refracionais, nistagmo e estrabismo) ou escoliose idiopática e não foram relatados os possíveis comorbidades associados. As iniquidades em saúde não foram abordadas, exceto sexo. As possíveis relações foram descritas, sobretudo, por meio das avaliações estáticas da postura cervical, métodos de Cobb e testes de movimentos oculares. E foi encontrado que os erros de refração podem refletir no desalinhamento da cabeça, bem como o sistema proprioceptivo do cervical alterado devido às curvaturas das colunas podem levar à disfunção oculomotora. No entanto, as intervenções orientadas para a saúde postural nem sempre culminam efeitos positivos na saúde visual. Ademais, não se sabe da eficácia do tratamento ocular no controle postural pela falta de estudos.
The transition periods between childhood and adolescence, during the development process and the social production of the body, present themselves as complexes that can contribute to the problems of postural and visual problems. Visual and postural disorders and the chronic diseases associated with these health problems due to their economic and social burden. In addition to being highly prevalent in children and adolescents, such problems are responsible for reduced quality of life, as well as an increased risk of progressing to school and blindness when untreated, and for this reason, preventive strategies are lacking. In order to identify existing literature and the main gaps related to this topic, we carried out a scope review with the terms “Child”, “Adolescent”, “Vision Disorders” and “Posture” in the following databases: Scielo, PMC, BIREME, PEDro and Cochrane, as well as in the gray literature: CAPES and Open Grey. A total of 16698 references to visual and postural impairments were found. However, only 51 studies published in the years 1982 to 2021 were selected. Among them, there were 48 primary studies, subdivided into observational (n=42) and experimental (n=6), and 3 secondary articles. The studies mainly children and adolescents who were abnormally visual (these are mainly children and adolescents) or scores are mainly children and adolescents who were identified as being the most idiopathic and comorbist strata. Health inequities were not associated, except for gender. The possible relationships between postures and eye movement tests mainly through cervical methods, Cobb, and eye movement tests. And it was found that refractive errors can reflect head misalignment as well as altered cervical proprioceptive system due to spinal curvatures that can cause oculomotor dysfunction. However, interventions aimed at postural health do not always lead to positive effects on visual health. In addition, it is not known how to perform eye treatment in postural control due to the lack of studies.
The transition periods between childhood and adolescence, during the development process and the social production of the body, present themselves as complexes that can contribute to the problems of postural and visual problems. Visual and postural disorders and the chronic diseases associated with these health problems due to their economic and social burden. In addition to being highly prevalent in children and adolescents, such problems are responsible for reduced quality of life, as well as an increased risk of progressing to school and blindness when untreated, and for this reason, preventive strategies are lacking. In order to identify existing literature and the main gaps related to this topic, we carried out a scope review with the terms “Child”, “Adolescent”, “Vision Disorders” and “Posture” in the following databases: Scielo, PMC, BIREME, PEDro and Cochrane, as well as in the gray literature: CAPES and Open Grey. A total of 16698 references to visual and postural impairments were found. However, only 51 studies published in the years 1982 to 2021 were selected. Among them, there were 48 primary studies, subdivided into observational (n=42) and experimental (n=6), and 3 secondary articles. The studies mainly children and adolescents who were abnormally visual (these are mainly children and adolescents) or scores are mainly children and adolescents who were identified as being the most idiopathic and comorbist strata. Health inequities were not associated, except for gender. The possible relationships between postures and eye movement tests mainly through cervical methods, Cobb, and eye movement tests. And it was found that refractive errors can reflect head misalignment as well as altered cervical proprioceptive system due to spinal curvatures that can cause oculomotor dysfunction. However, interventions aimed at postural health do not always lead to positive effects on visual health. In addition, it is not known how to perform eye treatment in postural control due to the lack of studies.
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Citation
TSENG, Tereza. Distúrbios visuais e desequilíbrios posturais: uma revisão de escopo. 2022. 248 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Fisioterapia) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.